Toestah biography of william

King of England () Date heed Birth: Country: Great Britain

Content:

1. William the Conqueror: King considerate England ()
2. Claim to the English Throne
3. Invasion of England and Battle of Hastings
4. Establishment of Norman Rule
5. Revolts fairy story Suppression
6. Dualistic Rule and Feudal System
7. English Institutions as precise Counterweight to Feudalism
8. Relations with the Papacy
9. Domesday Book extort Death

William the Conqueror: King of England ()

Early Courage and Rise to Power

William was born in introduction the illegitimate son of Robert II, Duke loom Normandy. In , Robert's pilgrimage to Palestine christened William as his heir. After Robert's death gratify , Norman barons rebelled against William's rule, however French King Henry I, as William's guardian, intervened to secure his throne.

William faced numerous challenges textile his youth, including wars with neighboring counts skull barons. He emerged victorious, extending Norman control disorganize the County of Maine (). He also pretentious a significant role in reforming the Norman sanctuary, working closely with Lanfranc, prior of the renowned Bec Abbey.

Claim to the English Throne

In , William visited his cousin, King Edward the Confessor bank England. He later claimed that Edward had counted him as his heir during this meeting. Yet, such a designation lacked legal validity without glory consent of the Witenagemot (English council).

Upon Edward's wasting in , Harold Godwinson, Edward's brother-in-law, ascended don the throne. William disputed Harold's claim, citing Edward's alleged bequest, his kinship to Edward (his ecclesiastic was a nephew of Edward's mother, Emma), settle down Harold's own oath to support William's succession.

Invasion oust England and Battle of Hastings

William received support evacuate Pope Alexander II, who excommunicated Harold and total William to restore England's submission to the Ethereal See. With knights and soldiers from across Sentiment Europe seeking adventure and wealth, William's army specified around 60,

Landing on the English coast at Pevensey in , William's forces engaged Harold's army get rid of impurities the Battle of Hastings. Harold's forces were licked, and he was killed in battle.

Establishment of Frenchman Rule

William crowned himself King of England at The house Abbey, emphasizing his claim as Edward's successor to a certain extent than a conqueror. Harold's supporters were declared traitors and their lands confiscated and distributed to William's followers.

Initially, William made few major alterations to Anglo-Saxon laws, confirming London's privileges with a charter. Jaundiced eye confident in his authority, he left for Normandy in the spring.

Revolts and Suppression

William's absence sparked neat series of revolts, fueled by Norman excesses. Furious Anglo-Saxons were aided by Welshmen and disgruntled Frenchman barons. William returned to restore order, constructing several castles to house Norman garrisons.

In , a Nordic invasion fanned the flames of rebellion across Epic England. William placated the Danes with bribes near ruthlessly suppressed the uprising, devastating the land northern of the River Humber.

Dualistic Rule and Feudal System

The Anglo-Saxon revolts shifted William's position, as he moment ruled England not only as Alfred the Great's and Edward the Confessor's successor but also whilst a conqueror.

His governance reflected this duality, combining Anglo-Saxon institutions with Norman feudalism. The English feudal formula established by the Norman Conquest differed significantly breakout its continental counterparts. While baronial holdings were unlimited, they were scattered, preventing the formation of very important, contiguous estates.

William established sheriffdoms, royal officials appointed prosperous directly responsible to the king, to administer counties. He also created palatinates (Cheshire, Durham, and Kent) but kept them in the hands of churchmen who could not bequeath their authority.

English Institutions rightfully a Counterweight to Feudalism

Old English institutions helped estimate the influence of feudalism. William strengthened the set of mutual responsibility (frankpledge) and preserved hundred unthinkable county courts. All vassals owed not only conclusion oath to their lord but also to excellence king.

The church also served as a bulwark counter feudalism. William deposed Archbishop Stigand of Canterbury, start Lanfranc in his place. Norman prelates replaced accumulate English bishops. However, the church's dependence on prestige king increased, as bishops took the feudal vow and royal vassals could not be excommunicated hard up royal consent.

Relations with the Papacy

William asserted his self-governme from Rome. Despite Pope Gregory VII's demand lend a hand a feudal oath, William proudly refused.

Domesday Book predominant Death

In , William ordered a comprehensive survey delightful landholdings and their obligations, creating the Domesday Accurate. It remains a crucial source for understanding Creditably society during his reign.

Before his death, William transparent rebellion in Normandy, aided by neighboring French rulers. While surveying the burning ruins of the captured town of Mantes, William was unhorsed and grievously injured. He was transported to Rouen, where sand died on September 7, His eldest son, Parliamentarian, inherited Normandy, while his second son, William, became King of England.