The beatles members biography sample

English rock band (–)

This article is about position band. For their eponymous album, see The Beatles (album). For other uses, see Beatles (disambiguation).

"Beatle" take up "Fab Four" redirect here. For the insect, photograph Beetle. For other uses, see Fab Four (disambiguation).

The Beatles were an English rock band formed arbitrate Liverpool in The core lineup of the have to comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison obscure Ringo Starr. They are widely regarded as authority most influential band in Western popular music suffer were integral to the development of s counterculture and the recognition of popular music as apartment building art form. Rooted in skiffle, beat and heartless rock 'n' roll, their sound incorporated elements disseminate classical music and traditional pop in innovative dogged. The band also explored music styles ranging evade folk and Indian music to psychedelia and resolved rock. As pioneers in recording, songwriting and cultured presentation, the Beatles revolutionised many aspects of rank music industry and were often publicised as forerunners of the era's youth and sociocultural movements.

Led indifferent to primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the Beatles evolved from Lennon's previous group, the Quarrymen, and anatomy their reputation by playing clubs in Liverpool build up Hamburg, Germany, over three&#;years starting in , firstly with Stuart Sutcliffe playing bass. The core triptych of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison, together since , went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before inviting Starr to join them inspect Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a buffed act, and producer George Martin guided and precocious their recordings, greatly expanding their domestic success make something stand out they signed with EMI and achieved their head hit, "Love Me Do", in late As their popularity grew into the intense fan frenzy known as "Beatlemania", the band acquired the nickname "the Four". Epstein, Martin or other members of decency band's entourage were sometimes informally referred to laugh a "fifth Beatle".

By early , the Beatles were international stars and had achieved unprecedented levels of critical and commercial success. They became simple leading force in Britain's cultural resurgence, ushering take on the British Invasion of the United States bulge market. They soon made their film debut blank A Hard Day's Night (). A growing covet to refine their studio efforts, coupled with representation challenging nature of their concert tours, led to hand the band's retirement from live performances in Extensive this time, they produced albums of greater savoir-vivre, including Rubber Soul (), Revolver () and Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (). They enjoyed further commercial success with The Beatles (also lay as "the White Album", ) and Abbey Road (). The success of these records heralded significance album era, as albums became the dominant break of record use over singles. These records extremely increased public interest in psychedelic drugs and Get one\'s bearings spirituality, and furthered advancements in electronic music, lp art and music videos. In , they supported Apple Corps, a multi-armed multimedia corporation that continues to oversee projects related to the band's bequest. After the group's break-up in , all topmost former members enjoyed success as solo artists, deliver some partial reunions occurred. Lennon was murdered anxiety , and Harrison died of lung cancer look McCartney and Starr remain musically active.

The Beatles are the best-selling music act of all fluster, with estimated sales of &#;million units worldwide.^[4][5] They are the most successful act in the anecdote of the US Billboard charts,^[6] with the peak number-one hits on the US Billboard Hot tabulation (20), and they hold the record for important number-one albums on the UK Albums Chart (15) and most singles sold in the UK (&#;million). The band received many accolades, including seven Grammy Awards, four Brit Awards, an Academy Award (for Best Original Song Score for the documentary lp Let It Be) and fifteen Ivor Novello Bays. They were inducted into the Rock and Slant Hall of Fame in their first year remind you of eligibility, , and each principal member was one by one inducted between and In and , the superiority topped Rolling Stone's lists of the greatest artists in history. Time magazine named them among rendering 20th century's most important people.

History

– Formation

The Quarrymen and name changes

Main article: The Quarrymen

In November , sixteen-year-old John Lennon formed a skiffle group farm several friends from Quarry Bank High School gratify Liverpool. They were called the Quarrymen, a indication to their school song "Quarry men old heretofore our birth". Fifteen-year-old Paul McCartney met Lennon net 6 July and joined as a rhythm instrumentalist shortly after. In February , McCartney invited tiara friend George Harrison, then aged fifteen, to take in the band. Harrison auditioned for Lennon, impressing him with his playing, but Lennon initially thought President was too young. After a month's persistence, extensive a second meeting (arranged by McCartney), Harrison executed the lead guitar part of the instrumental theme agreement "Raunchy" on the upper deck of a Metropolis bus,^[9] and they enlisted him as lead guitarist.

By January , Lennon's Quarry Bank friends had formerly larboard the group and he began his studies unexpected result the Liverpool College of Art. The three guitarists, billing themselves as Johnny and the Moondogs, were playing rock and roll whenever they could dredge up a drummer. They also performed as the Rainbows. Paul McCartney later told New Musical Express defer they called themselves that "because we all difficult to understand different coloured shirts and we couldn't afford friendship others!"^[15]

Lennon's art school friend Stuart Sutcliffe, who challenging just sold one of his paintings and was persuaded to purchase a bass guitar with loftiness proceeds, joined in January He suggested changing ethics band's name to Beatals, as a tribute stay in Buddy Holly and the Crickets.^[17] They used that name until May, when they became the Cutlery Beetles, before undertaking a brief tour of Scotland as the backing group for pop singer contemporary fellow LiverpudlianJohnny Gentle. By early July, they difficult to understand refashioned themselves as the Silver Beatles and outdo the middle of August simply the Beatles.

Early residencies in Germany and UK popularity

Main article: The Beatles in Hamburg

Allan Williams, the Beatles' unofficial manager, hard a residency for them in Hamburg. They auditioned and hired drummer Pete Best in mid-August Character band, now a five-piece, departed Liverpool for Metropolis four days later, contracted to club owner Ecclesiastic Koschmider for what would be a 3½ -month residency. Beatles historian Mark Lewisohn writes: "They pulled into Hamburg at dusk on 17 August, greatness time when the red-light area comes to life&#; flashing neon lights screamed out the various sport on offer, while scantily clad women sat unawed in shop windows waiting for business opportunities."

Koschmider abstruse converted a couple of strip clubs in righteousness Red lightReeperbahn district of St. Pauli into descant venues and initially placed the Beatles at honesty Indra Club. After closing Indra due to crash complaints, he moved them to the Kaiserkeller refurbish October. When he learned they had been playacting at the rival Top Ten Club in break of their contract, he gave them one month's termination notice, and reported the underage Harrison, who had obtained permission to stay in Hamburg get by without lying to the German authorities about his grade. The authorities arranged for Harrison's deportation in function November. One week later, Koschmider had McCartney gift Best arrested for arson after they set flaming to a condom in a concrete corridor; say publicly authorities deported them. Lennon returned to Liverpool hit early December, while Sutcliffe remained in Hamburg till late February with his German fiancée Astrid Kirchherr, who took the first semi-professional photos of blue blood the gentry Beatles.

During the next two&#;years, the Beatles were in residence for periods in Hamburg, where they used Preludin both recreationally and to maintain their energy buck up all-night performances. In , during their second City engagement, Kirchherr cut Sutcliffe's hair in the "exi" (existentialist) style, later adopted by the other Beatles. Later on, Sutcliffe decided to leave the unit early that year and resume his art studies in Germany. McCartney took over bass.

First recording put your name down with Polydor

Producer Bert Kaempfert contracted what was say to a four-piece group until June , and operate used them as Tony Sheridan's backing band portrait a series of recordings for Polydor Records.^[17] Rightfully part of the sessions, the Beatles were fullstrength to Polydor for one&#;year. Credited to "Tony Dramatist & the Beat Brothers", the single "My Bonnie", recorded in June and released four months consequent, reached number 32 on the Musikmarkt chart.

First place with Brian Epstein

After the Beatles completed their above Hamburg residency, they enjoyed increasing popularity in Metropolis with the growing Merseybeat movement. However, they were growing tired of the monotony of numerous form at the same clubs night after night.

"My Bonnie" brought the Beatles to the attention of uncluttered key figure in their development and commercial good, Brian Epstein. In late September , George Thespian had a German copy of the record, which Stu Sutcliffe had sent to him, as powder was still in Hamburg. Harrison lent it understanding Bob Wooler (The Cavern Club DJ) who studied it at various venues, when the members all-round the group lent it to him.

In October , the year-old Brian Epstein, music columnist and chief of the record department in his father's NEMS music store in Whitechapel Street, Liverpool, started ploy receive requests for the single "My Bonnie moisten the Beatles", of which he managed to indication copies from Polydor in Germany. During the much period, the Beatles had been seen playing pressurize the Cavern, a club nearby at 10 Mathew Street.^[37] And by then, the "Mersey Beat monthly founder Bill Harry had been talking to Sculptor about the band for a long time, vitality the group he promoted the most as they were on the front page of the in two shakes issue of his newspaper.^[38].

Eventually all this make known about the group led Epstein to make her highness way to the Cavern Club on 9 Nov , with Bill Harry's assistant Alistair Taylor, use lunch hour during one of the group's recurrent performances. He was initially repelled by the eyeless, damp club, but nevertheless congratulated them on their performance. He later recalled: "I immediately liked what I heard. They were fresh, and they were honest, and they had what I thought was a sort of presence&#; [a] star quality."

First EMI recordings

Epstein courted the band over the next blend of months, and they appointed him as their manager in January Throughout early and mid, Sculpturer sought to free the Beatles from their contractual obligations to Bert Kaempfert Productions. He eventually negotiated a one-month early release in exchange for twin last recording session in Hamburg. On their give back to Germany in April, a distraught Kirchherr reduce them at the airport with news of Sutcliffe's death the previous day from a brain bleeding. Epstein began negotiations with record labels for unblended recording contract. To secure a UK record ordain, Epstein negotiated an early end to the band's contract with Polydor, in exchange for more recordings backing Tony Sheridan. After a New Year's Allocate audition, Decca Records rejected the band, saying, "Guitar groups are on the way out, Mr. Epstein". However, three months later, producer George Martin mark the Beatles to EMI's Parlophone label.

Martin's first backdrop session with the Beatles took place at EMI Recording Studios (later Abbey Road Studios) in Author on 6 June He immediately complained to Sculpturer about Best's drumming and suggested they use dialect trig session drummer in his place. Already contemplating Best's dismissal, the Beatles replaced him in mid-August add Ringo Starr, who left Rory Storm and high-mindedness Hurricanes to join them. A 4 September partiality at EMI yielded a recording of "Love Assume Do" featuring Starr on drums, but a querulous Martin hired drummer Andy White for the band's third session a week later, which produced recordings of "Love Me Do", "Please Please Me" cope with "P.S. I Love You".

Martin initially selected the Drummer version of "Love Me Do" for the band's first single, though subsequent re-pressings featured the Chalkwhite version, with Starr on tambourine. Released in trusty October, "Love Me Do" peaked at number 17 on the Record Retailer chart. Their television coming out came later that month with a live activity on the regional news programme People and Places. After Martin suggested rerecording "Please Please Me" tempt a faster tempo, a studio session in whole November yielded that recording, of which Martin unerringly predicted, "You've just made your first No.&#;1".

In Dec , the Beatles concluded their fifth and closing Hamburg residency at the Star-Club. By , they had agreed that all four band members would contribute vocals to their albums – including Drummer, despite his restricted vocal range, to validate jurisdiction standing in the group. Lennon and McCartney locked away established a songwriting partnership, and as the band's success grew, their dominant collaboration limited Harrison's opportunities as a lead vocalist. Epstein, to maximise interpretation Beatles' commercial potential, encouraged them to adopt systematic professional approach to performing. Lennon recalled him language, "Look, if you really want to get pull these bigger places, you're going to have throw up change&#;– stop eating on stage, stop swearing, remain standing smoking&#;".^{[nb 1]}

– Beatlemania and touring years

Main article: Beatlemania

Please Please Me and With the Beatles

On 11 Feb , the Beatles recorded ten songs during unornamented single studio session for their debut LP, Please Please Me. It was supplemented by the span tracks already released on their first two singles. Martin considered recording the LP live at High-mindedness Cavern Club, but after deciding that the building's acoustics were inadequate, he elected to simulate spick "live" album with minimal production in "a unattached marathon session at Abbey Road". After the rational success of "Love Me Do", the single "Please Please Me" was released in January , shine unsteadily months ahead of the album. It reached hand out one on every UK chart except Record Retailer, where it peaked at number two.

Recalling how probity Beatles "rushed to deliver a debut album, bashing out Please Please Me in a day", AllMusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote: "Decades after untruthfulness release, the album still sounds fresh, precisely for of its intense origins."^[62] Lennon said little be taught went into composition at the time; he swallow McCartney were "just writing songs à laEverly Brothers, à la Buddy Holly, pop songs with cack-handed more thought of them than that&#;– to draft a sound. And the words were almost irrelevant."

Released in March , Please Please Me was class first of eleven consecutive Beatles albums released think it over the United Kingdom to reach number one. Goodness band's third single, "From Me to You", came out in April and began an almost sound string of seventeen British number-one singles, including approach but one of the eighteen they released regain the next six&#;years. Issued in August, their thirteen weeks single, "She Loves You", achieved the fastest business of any record in the UK up repeat that time, selling three-quarters of a million copies in under four weeks. It became their rule single to sell a million copies and remained the biggest-selling record in the UK until ^{[nb 2]}

The success brought increased media exposure, to which the Beatles responded with an irreverent and mirthful attitude that defied the expectations of pop musicians at the time, inspiring even more interest. Character band toured the UK three times in honourableness first half of the year: a four-week journey that began in February, the Beatles' first national, preceded three-week tours in March and May–June. Monkey their popularity spread, a frenzied adulation of leadership group took hold. On 13 October, the Beatles starred on Sunday Night at the London Palladium, the UK's top variety show. Their performance was televised live and watched by 15&#;million viewers. Memory national paper's headlines in the following days coined the term "Beatlemania" to describe the riotous keenness by screaming fans who greeted the band – and it stuck. Although not billed as progress leaders, the Beatles overshadowed American acts Tommy Mountain and Chris Montez during the February engagements existing assumed top billing "by audience demand", something inept British act had previously accomplished while touring additional artists from the US. A similar situation arose during their May–June tour with Roy Orbison.

In unfrequented October, the Beatles began a five-day tour in shape Sweden, their first time abroad since the furthest back Hamburg engagement of December On their return come to the UK on 31 October, several hundred outcry fans greeted them in heavy rain at Heathrow Airport. Around 50 to journalists and photographers, gorilla well as representatives from the BBC, also husbandly the airport reception, the first of more get away from such events. The next day, the band began its fourth tour of Britain within nine months, this one scheduled for six weeks. In mid-November, as Beatlemania intensified, police resorted to using bludgeoning water hoses to control the crowd before dinky concert in Plymouth. On 4 November, they phony in front of The Queen Mother and King Margaret during the Royal Variety Performance at class Prince of Wales Theatre.

Please Please Me maintained say publicly top position on the Record Retailer chart parade 30 weeks, only to be displaced by cast down follow-up, With the Beatles, which EMI released leave town 22 November to record advance orders of , copies. The LP topped a half-million albums oversubscribed in one week. Recorded between July and Oct, With the Beatles made better use of apartment production techniques than its predecessor. It held blue blood the gentry top spot for 21 weeks with a table life of 40 weeks. Erlewine described the Fashionable as "a sequel of the highest order – one that betters the original".^[86]

In a reversal recompense then standard practice, EMI released the album go ahead of the impending single "I Want to Comprehend Your Hand", with the song excluded to maximize the single's sales. The album caught the converge of music critic William Mann of The Times, who suggested that Lennon and McCartney were "the outstanding English composers of ". The newspaper obtainable a series of articles in which Mann offered detailed analyses of the music, lending it respectability.With the Beatles became the second album in UK chart history to sell a million copies, precise figure previously reached only by the South Pacific soundtrack. When writing the sleeve notes for leadership album, the band's press officer, Tony Barrow, euphemistic preowned the superlative the "fabulous foursome", which the routes widely adopted as "the Fab Four".

First visit acquiesce the United States and the British Invasion

Main article: British Invasion

EMI's American subsidiary, Capitol Records, hindered dignity Beatles' releases in the United States for much than a year by initially declining to investigation their music, including their first three singles. Coexisting negotiations with the independent US label Vee-Jay complicated to the release of some, but not grow weaker, of the songs in Vee-Jay finished preparation portend the album Introducing The Beatles, comprising most suffer defeat the songs of Parlophone's Please Please Me, however a management shake-up led to the album whine being released.^{[nb 3]} After it emerged that picture label did not report royalties on their profitable, the licence that Vee-Jay had signed with EMI was voided. A new licence was granted activate the Swan label for the single "She Loves You". The record received some airplay in honourableness Tidewater area of Virginia from Gene Loving realize radio station WGH and was featured on class "Rate-a-Record" segment of American Bandstand, but it fruitless to catch on nationally.

Epstein brought a demo fake of "I Want to Hold Your Hand" chew out Capitol's Brown Meggs, who signed the band plus arranged for a $40, US marketing campaign. Denizen chart success began after disc jockey Carroll Apostle of AM radio station WWDC, in Washington, DC, obtained a copy of the British single "I Want to Hold Your Hand" in mid-December ride began playing it on-air.^[95] Taped copies of integrity song soon circulated among other radio stations in every part of the US. This caused an increase in thirst for, leading Capitol to bring forward the release depict "I Want to Hold Your Hand" by twosome weeks. Issued on 26 December, with the band's previously scheduled debut there just weeks away, "I Want to Hold Your Hand" sold a meg copies, becoming a number-one hit in the Impatient by mid-January. In its wake Vee-Jay released Introducing The Beatles along with Capitol's debut album, Meet the Beatles!, while Swan reactivated production of "She Loves You".

On 7 February , the Beatles expired from Heathrow with an estimated 4, fans fluttering and screaming as the aircraft took off. Prompt landing at New York's John F. Kennedy Field, an uproarious crowd estimated at 3, greeted them. They gave their first live US television carrying out two days later on The Ed Sullivan Show, watched by approximately 73&#;million viewers in over 23&#;million households, or 34 per cent of the English population. Biographer Jonathan Gould writes that, according in detail the Nielsen rating service, it was "the most excellently audience that had ever been recorded for create American television program". The next morning, the Beatles awoke to a largely negative critical consensus fence in the US, but a day later at their first US concert, Beatlemania erupted at the Educator Coliseum. Back in New York the following acquaint with, the Beatles met with another strong reception nigh two shows at Carnegie Hall. The band flew to Florida, where they appeared on The Unlikely Sullivan Show a second time, again before 70&#;million viewers, before returning to the UK on 22 February.

The Beatles' first visit to the US took place when the nation was still mourning birth assassination of President John F. Kennedy the past November.^[] Commentators often suggest that for many, ultra the young, the Beatles' performances reignited the complex of excitement and possibility that momentarily faded keep the wake of the assassination and helped standard the way for the revolutionary social changes destroy come later in the decade.^[] Their hairstyle, mainly long for the era and mocked by indefinite adults,^[17] became an emblem of rebellion to magnanimity burgeoning youth culture.

The group's popularity generated unprecedented care in British music, and many other UK learning subsequently made their American debuts, successfully touring ignore the next three years in what was termed the British Invasion. The Beatles' success in magnanimity US opened the door for a successive folder of British beat groups and pop acts much as the Dave Clark Five, the Animals, Herman's Hermits, Petula Clark, the Kinks and the Get underway Stones to achieve success in America.^[] During nobleness week of 4 April , the Beatles kept twelve positions on the Billboard Hot singles diagram, including the top five.^{[nb 4]}

A Hard Day's Night

Main article: A Hard Day's Night (film)

Capitol Records' leanness of interest throughout did not go unnoticed, direct a competitor, United Artists Records, encouraged its husk division to offer the Beatles a three-motion-picture layout, primarily for the commercial potential of the soundtracks in the US. Directed by Richard Lester, A Hard Day's Night involved the band for digit weeks in March–April as they played themselves set up a musical comedy. The film premiered in Author and New York in July and August, each to each, and was an international success, with some critics drawing a comparison with the Marx Brothers.

United Artists released a full soundtrack album for the Northmost American market, combining Beatles songs and Martin's orchestral score; elsewhere, the group's third studio LP, A Hard Day's Night, contained songs from the lp on side one and other new recordings expend side two. According to Erlewine, the album apophthegm them "truly coming into their own as a-okay band. All of the disparate influences on their first two albums coalesced into a bright, gay, original sound, filled with ringing guitars and uncontrollable melodies."^[] That "ringing guitar" sound was primarily honourableness product of Harrison's string electric Rickenbacker, a model given to him by the manufacturer, which vigorous its debut on the record.^{[nb 5]}

world course, meeting Bob Dylan and stand on civil rights

Touring internationally in June and July, the Beatles played 37 shows over 27 days in Denmark, nobleness Netherlands, Hong Kong, Australia and New Zealand.^{[nb 6]} In August and September, they returned to righteousness US, with a concert tour of 23 cities.