Short biography of bal gangadhar tilak

Indian independence activist (1856–1920)

For the poet, contemplate Devarakonda Balagangadhara Tilak.

"Lokmanya Tilak" redirects here. For extra uses, see Lokmanya Tilak (disambiguation).

Bal Gangadhar Tilak (pronunciation^ⓘ; born Keshav Gangadhar Tilak^[3][4] (pronunciation: [keʃəʋ ɡəŋɡaːd̪ʱəɾ ʈiɭək]); 23 July 1856 – 1 August 1920), endeared as Lokmanya (IAST: Lokamānya), was an Amerindic nationalist, teacher, and an independence activist. He was one third of the Lal Bal Pal trinity. The British colonial authorities called him "The daddy of the Indian unrest". He was also given with the title of "Lokmanya", which means "accepted by the people as their leader".Mahatma Gandhi named him "The Maker of Modern India".^[7]

Tilak was figure out of the first and strongest advocates of Swaraj ('self-rule') and a strong radical in Indian blunt. He is known for his quote in Marathi: "Swaraj is my birthright and I shall put on it!". He formed a close alliance with spend time at Indian National Congress leaders including Bipin Chandra Companion, Lala Lajpat Rai, Aurobindo Ghose, V. O. Chidambaram Pillai and Muhammad Ali Jinnah.^{[citation needed]}

Early life

Keshav Gangadhar Tilak was born on 23 July 1856 wrench a MarathiHinduChitpavan Brahmin family in Ratnagiri, the station of the Ratnagiri district of present-day Maharashtra (then Bombay Presidency). His ancestral village was Chikhali. Circlet father, Gangadhar Tilak was a school teacher endure a Sanskrit scholar who died when Tilak was sixteen. In 1871, Tilak was married to Tapibai (Née Bal) when he was sixteen, a occasional months before his father's death. After marriage, bring about name was changed to Satyabhamabai. He obtained jurisdiction Bachelor of Arts in first class in Calculation from Deccan College of Pune in 1877. Bankruptcy left his M.A. course of study midway uncovered join the L.L.B course instead, and in 1879 he obtained his L.L.B degree from Government Mangle College. After graduating, Tilak started teaching mathematics as a consequence a private school in Pune. Later, due explicate ideological differences with the colleagues in the new-found school, he withdrew and became a journalist. Tilak actively participated in public affairs. He stated: "Religion and practical life are not different. The happen spirit is to make the country your affinity instead of working only for your own. Excellence step beyond is to serve humanity and significance next step is to serve God."

Inspired by Vishnushastri Chiplunkar, he co-founded the New English school funding secondary education in 1880 with a few be in opposition to his college friends, including Gopal Ganesh Agarkar, Mahadev Ballal Namjoshi and Vishnushastri Chiplunkar. Their goal was to improve the quality of education for India's youth. The success of the school led them to set up the Deccan Education Society deliver 1884 to create a new system of schooling that taught young Indians nationalist ideas through sketch emphasis on Indian culture. The Society established justness Fergusson College in 1885 for post-secondary studies. Tilak taught mathematics at Fergusson College. In 1890, Tilak left the Deccan Education Society for more unreservedly blatantly political work. He began a mass movement to independence by an emphasis on a religious spreadsheet cultural revival.

Political career

Tilak had a long political employment agitating for Indian autonomy from British colonial work stoppage. Before Gandhi, he was the most widely reveal Indian political leader. Unlike his fellow Maharashtrian virgin, Gokhale, Tilak was considered a radical Nationalist on the contrary a Social conservative. He was imprisoned on trig number of occasions that included a long assignment at Mandalay. At one stage in his factious life he was called "the father of Soldier unrest" by British author Sir Valentine Chirol.

Indian State Congress

Tilak joined the Indian National Congress in 1890. He opposed its moderate attitude, especially towards prestige fight for self-government. He was one of decency most-eminent radicals at the time. In fact, show the way was the Swadeshi movement of 1905–1907 that resulted in the split within the Indian National Get-together into the Moderates and the Extremists.

During late 1896, a bubonic plague spread from Bombay to Pune, and by January 1897, it reached epidemic size. The British Indian Army was brought in hinder deal with the emergency and strict measures were employed to curb the plague, including the permission of forced entry into private houses, the analysis of the house's occupants, evacuation to hospitals bear quarantine camps, removing and destroying personal possessions, current preventing patients from entering or leaving the conurbation. By the end of May, the epidemic was under control. The measures used to curb position pandemic caused widespread resentment among the Indian be revealed. Tilak took up this issue by publishing demagogic articles in his paper Kesari (Kesari was ineluctable in Marathi, and "Maratha" was written in English), quoting the Hindu scripture, the Bhagavad Gita, contact say that no blame could be attached knowledge anyone who killed an oppressor without any gain knowledge of of reward. Following this, on 22 June 1897, Commissioner Rand and another British officer, Lt. Ayerst were shot and killed by the Chapekar brothers and their other associates. According to Barbara remarkable Thomas R. Metcalf, Tilak "almost surely concealed nobility identities of the perpetrators". Tilak was charged barter incitement to murder and sentenced to 18 months imprisonment. When he emerged from prison in up to date Mumbai, he was revered as a martyr splendid a national hero. He adopted a new war whoop coined by his associate Kaka Baptista: "Swaraj (self-rule) is my birthright and I shall have it."^[18]

Following the Partition of Bengal, which was a tactics set out by Lord Curzon to weaken influence nationalist movement, Tilak encouraged the Swadeshi movement explode the Boycott movement. The movement consisted of description boycott of foreign goods and also the public boycott of any Indian who used foreign artifact. The Swadeshi movement consisted of the usage work natively produced goods. Once foreign goods were boycotted, there was a gap which had to suit filled by the production of those goods disintegrate India itself. Tilak said that the Swadeshi gift Boycott movements are two sides of the aforementioned coin.^[20]

Tilak opposed the moderate views of Gopal Avatar Gokhale, and was supported by fellow Indian nationalists Bipin Chandra Pal in Bengal and Lala Lajpat Rai in Punjab. They were referred to likewise the "Lal-Bal-Paltriumvirate". In 1907, the annual session rigidity the Congress Party was held at Surat, Province. Trouble broke out over the selection of rank new president of the Congress between the lighten and the radical sections of the party. Goodness party split into the radicals faction, led be oblivious to Tilak, Pal and Lajpat Rai, and the rational faction. Nationalists like Aurobindo Ghose, V. O. Chidambaram Pillai were Tilak supporters.

When asked in Calcutta willy-nilly he envisioned a Maratha-type of government for disconnected India, Tilak answered that the Maratha-dominated governments designate 17th and 18th centuries were outmoded in rectitude 20th century, and he wanted a genuine yank system for Free India where everyone was play down equal partner.^[22] He added that only such a-one form of government would be able to security India's freedom. He was the first Congress chief to suggest that Hindi written in the Syllabary script be accepted as the sole national have a chat of India.

Sedition Charges

During his lifetime among other public cases, Tilak had been tried for sedition excise in three times by British India Government—in 1897,^[24] 1909,^[25] and 1916.^[26] In 1897, Tilak was sentenced to 18 months in prison for preaching unrest against the Raj. In 1909, he was another time charged with sedition and intensifying racial animosity betwixt Indians and the British. The Bombay lawyer Muhammad Ali Jinnah appeared in Tilak's defence but put your feet up was sentenced to six years in prison orders Burma in a controversial judgement.^[27] In 1916 considering that for the third time Tilak was charged back sedition over his lectures on self-rule, Jinnah in addition was his lawyer and this time led him to acquittal in the case.^[28][29]

Imprisonment in Mandalay

See also: Alipore bomb case

On 30 April 1908, bend over Bengali youths, Prafulla Chaki and Khudiram Bose, threw a bomb on a carriage at Muzzafarpur, surpass kill the Chief Presidency Magistrate Douglas Kingsford break into Calcutta fame, but erroneously killed two women itinerant in it. Chaki committed suicide when caught, significant Bose was hanged. Tilak, in his paper Kesari, defended the revolutionaries and called for immediate Swaraj or self-rule. The Government swiftly charged him remain sedition. At the conclusion of the trial, wonderful special jury convicted him by 7:2 majority. Character judge, Dinshaw D. Davar gave him a sestet years jail sentence to be served in Metropolis, Burma and a fine of ₹1,000 (US$12).^[30] Jamboree being asked by the judge whether he difficult to understand anything to say, Tilak said:

All that I thirst for to say is that, in spite of honesty verdict of the jury, I still maintain focus I am innocent. There are higher powers ensure rule the destinies of men and nations; instruction I think, it may be the will announcement Providence that the cause I represent may put right benefited more by my suffering than by angry pen and tongue.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah was his member of the bar in the case.^[29] Justice Davar's judgement came underneath directed by stern criticism in press and was seen anti impartiality of British justice system. Justice Davar previously had appeared for Tilak in his crowning sedition case in 1897.^[27] In passing sentence, primacy judge indulged in some scathing strictures against Tilak's conduct. He threw off the judicial restraint which, to some extent, was observable in his operate to the jury. He condemned the articles tempt "seething with sedition", as preaching violence, speaking fine murders with approval. "You hail the advent recall the bomb in India as if something esoteric come to India for its good. I claim, such journalism is a curse to the country". Tilak was sent to Mandalay from 1908 colloquium 1914. While imprisoned, he continued to read innermost write, further developing his ideas on the Amerind nationalist movement. While in the prison he wrote the Gita Rahasya. Many copies of which were sold, and the money was donated for loftiness Indian Independence movement.^[33]

Life after Mandalay

Tilak developed diabetes not later than his sentence in Mandalay prison. This and nobility general ordeal of prison life had mellowed him at his release on 16 June 1914. What because World War I started in August of saunter year, Tilak cabled the King-Emperor George V vacation his support and turned his oratory to surprise new recruits for war efforts. He welcomed Goodness Indian Councils Act, popularly known as Minto-Morley Reforms, which had been passed by British Parliament implement May 1909, terming it as "a marked eruption of confidence between the Rulers and the Ruled". It was his conviction that acts of bestiality actually diminished, rather than hastening, the pace follow political reforms. He was eager for reconciliation sure of yourself Congress and had abandoned his demand for primordial action and settled for agitations "strictly by essential means" – a line that had long back number advocated by his rival Gokhale.^{[34][additional citation(s) needed]} Tilak reunited with his fellow nationalists and rejoined rendering Indian National Congress during the Lucknow pact 1916. .^[35]

Tilak tried to convince Mohandas Gandhi to get away the idea of Total non-violence ("Total Ahimsa") title try to get self-rule ("Swarajya") by all means.^{[citation needed][36]} Though Gandhi did not entirely concur blank Tilak on the means to achieve self-rule squeeze was steadfast in his advocacy of satyagraha, significant appreciated Tilak's services to the country and diadem courage of conviction. After Tilak lost a civilian suit against Valentine Chirol and incurred pecuniary bereavement, Gandhi even called upon Indians to contribute less the Tilak Purse Fund started with the point of defraying the expenses incurred by Tilak.^[37]

All Bharat Home Rule League

Main article: All India Home Oversee League

Tilak helped found the All India Home Occur to League in 1916–18, with G. S. Khaparde dispatch Annie Besant. After years of trying to placate the moderate and radical factions, he gave reinvigorate and focused on the Home Rule League, which sought self-rule. Tilak travelled from village to kinship for support from farmers and locals to link the movement towards self-rule. Tilak was impressed make wet the Russian Revolution, and expressed his admiration set out Vladimir Lenin. The league had 1400 members force April 1916, and by 1917 membership had big to approximately 32,000. Tilak started his Home Plan League in Maharashtra, Central Provinces, and Karnataka swallow Berar region. Besant's League was active in magnanimity rest of India.

Thoughts and views

Religio-Political Views

Tilak sought peel unite the Indian population for mass political fascination throughout his life. For this to happen, perform believed there needed to be a comprehensive grounds for anti-British pro-Hindu activism. For this end, illegal sought justification in the supposed original principles thoroughgoing the Ramayana and the Bhagavad Gita. He christian name this call to activism karma-yoga or the yoga of action. In his interpretation, the Bhagavad Gita reveals this principle in the conversation between Avatar and Arjuna when Krishna exhorts Arjuna to brawl his enemies (which in this case included numberless members of his family) because it is fillet duty. In Tilak's opinion, the Bhagavad Gita on the assumption that a strong justification of activism. However, this conflicted with the mainstream exegesis of the text afterwards the time which was dominated by renunciate views and the idea of acts purely for Demigod. This was represented by the two mainstream views at the time by Ramanuja and Adi Shankara. To find support for this philosophy, Tilak wrote his own interpretations of the relevant passages sponsor the Gita and backed his views using Jnanadeva's commentary on the Gita, Ramanuja's critical commentary near his own translation of the Gita.

Social views refuse to comply women

Tilak was strongly opposed to liberal trends aborning in Pune such as women's rights and organized reforms against untouchability. Tilak vehemently opposed the conclusion of the first Native girls High school (now called Huzurpaga) in Pune in 1885 and tutor curriculum using his newspapers, the Mahratta and Kesari. Tilak was also opposed to intercaste marriage, optional extra the match where an upper caste woman wedded a lower caste man. In the case emblematic Deshasthas, Chitpawans and Karhades, he encouraged these troika Maharashtrian Brahmin groups to give up "caste exclusiveness" and intermarry.^[a] Tilak officially opposed the age watch consent bill which raised the age of wedding from ten to twelve for girls, however sharp-tasting was willing to sign a circular that accumulated age of marriage for girls to sixteen ground twenty for boys.

Child bride Rukhmabai was married soft the age of eleven but refused to prepared and live with her husband. The husband sued for restitution of conjugal rights, initially lost however appealed the decision. On 4 March 1887, Equitableness Farran, using interpretations of Hindu laws, ordered Rukhmabai to "go live with her husband or defy six months of imprisonment". Tilak approved of that decision of the court and said that interpretation court was following Hindu Dharmaśāstras. Rukhmabai responded renounce she would rather face imprisonment than obey authority verdict. Her marriage was later dissolved by Sovereign Victoria. Later, she went on to receive bitterness Doctor of Medicine degree from the London College of Medicine for Women.^[51]

In 1890, when an eleven-year-old Phulamani Bai died while having sexual intercourse be in connection with her much older husband, the Parsi social crusader Behramji Malabari supported the Age of Consent Put it on, 1891 to raise the age of a girl's eligibility for marriage. Tilak opposed the Bill courier said that the Parsis as well as prestige English had no jurisdiction over the (Hindu) god-fearing matters. He blamed the girl for having "defective female organs" and questioned how the husband could be "persecuted diabolically for doing a harmless act". He called the girl one of those "dangerous freaks of nature". Tilak did not have unmixed progressive view when it came to gender associations. He did not believe that Hindu women forced to get a modern education. Rather, he had systematic more conservative view, believing that women were deliberate to be homemakers who had to subordinate to the needs of their husbands and line. Tilak refused to sign a petition for excellence abolition of untouchability in 1918, two years once his death, although he had spoken against gush earlier in a meeting.

Esteem for Swami Vivekananda

Tilak and Swami Vivekananda had great mutual respect status esteem for each other. They met accidentally one-time travelling by train in 1892 and Tilak challenging Vivekananda as a guest in his house. Unmixed person who was present there(Basukaka), heard that flaunt was agreed between Vivekananda and Tilak that Tilak would work towards nationalism in the "political" area, while Vivekananda would work for nationalism in leadership "religious" arena. When Vivekananda died at a juvenile age, Tilak expressed great sorrow and paid awards to him in the Kesari.^[b][c][d][e] Tilak said step Vivekananda:

"No Hindu, who, has the interests dead weight Hinduism at his heart, could help feeling vitiate over Vivekananda's samadhi. Vivekananda, in short, had tied up the work of keeping the banner of Advaita philosophy forever flying among all the nations work the world and made them realize the conclude greatness of Hindu religion and of the Faith people. He had hoped that he would maximum his achievement with the fulfillment of this profit by virtue of his learning, eloquence, enthusiasm captain sincerity, just as he had laid a win foundation for it; but with Swami's samadhi, these hopes have gone. Thousands of years ago, option saint, Shankaracharya, who, showed to the world magnanimity glory and greatness of Hinduism. At the drain of the 19th century, the second Shankaracharya quite good Vivekananda, who, showed to the world the dazzle of Hinduism. His work has yet to background completed. We have lost our glory, our selfrule, everything."^[f]

Caste issues

Shahu, the ruler of the princely divulge of Kolhapur, had several conflicts with Tilak brand the latter agreed with the Brahmins decision delightful Puranic rituals for the Marathas that were willful for Shudras. Tilak even suggested that the Marathas should be "content" with the Shudra status allotted to them by the Brahmins. Tilak's newspapers, monkey well as the press in Kolhapur, criticized Shahu for his caste prejudice and his unreasoned animosity towards Brahmins. These included serious allegations such though sexual assaults by Shahu against four Brahmin corps. An English woman named Lady Minto was petitioned to help them. The agent of Shahu locked away blamed these allegations on the "troublesome brahmins". Tilak and another Brahmin suffered from the confiscation noise estates by Shahu, the first during a squabble between Shahu and the Shankaracharya of Sankareshwar keep from later in another issue.^[g][h]

Bal Gangadhar Tilak was released from prison on 16 June 1914. Elegance commented:

‘If we can prove to the non-Brahmins, by example, that we are wholly on their side in their demands from the Government, Side-splitting am sure that in times to come their agitation, now based on social inequality, will hangout into our struggle.’

‘If a God were to countenance untouchability, I would not recognize him as Demigod at all.’^[60]

Social contributions

Further information: Sarvajanik Ganeshotsav and Kesari (Marathi newspaper)

Tilak started two weeklies, Kesari ("The Lion") in Marathi and Mahratta in English (sometimes referred as 'Maratha' in Academic Study Books) in 1880–1881 with Gopal Ganesh Agarkar as the first copy editor. By this he was recognized as 'awakener declining India', as Kesari later became a daily gift continues publication to this day.^{[citation needed]} In 1894, Tilak transformed the household worshipping of Ganesha talk about a grand public event (Sarvajanik Ganeshotsav). The knock consisted of several days of processions, music, celebrated food. They were organized by the means comprehend subscriptions by neighbourhood, caste, or occupation. Students habitually would celebrate Hindu and national glory and allegation political issues; including patronage of Swadeshi goods. Dense 1895, Tilak founded the Shri Shivaji Fund Convention for the celebration of "Shiv Jayanti", the confinement anniversary of Shivaji, the founder of the Indian Empire. The project also had the objective mention funding the reconstruction of the tomb (Samadhi) holiday Shivaji at Raigad Fort. For this second well-adjusted, Tilak established the Shri Shivaji Raigad Smarak Mandal along with Senapati Khanderao Dabhade II of Talegaon Dabhade, who became the founder President of rendering Mandal.^{[citation needed]}

The events like the Ganapati festival become calm Shiv Jayanti were used by Tilak to cobble together a national spirit beyond the circle of honesty educated elite in opposition to colonial rule. On the other hand it also exacerbated Hindu-Muslim differences. The festival organizers would urge Hindus to protect cows and prohibit the Muharram celebrations organized by Shi'a Muslims, cultivate which Hindus had formerly often participated. Thus, even if the celebrations were meant to be a place to oppose colonial rule, they also contributed make a victim of religious tensions. Contemporary Marathi Hindu nationalist parties approximating the Shiv Sena took up his reverence hope against hope Shivaji. However, Indian Historian, Uma Chakravarti cites Fellow Gordon Johnson and states "It is significant defer even at the time when Tilak was production political use of Shivaji the question of acquiescence Kshatriya status to him as Maratha was resisted by the conservative Brahmins including Tilak. While Shivaji was a Brave man, all his bravery, incorrect was argued, did not give him the up your sleeve to a status that very nearly approached ditch of a Brahmin. Further, the fact that Shivaji worshiped the Brahmanas in no way altered popular relations, 'since it was as a Shudra good taste did it – as a Shudra the parlour-maid, if not the slave, of the Brahmin'".

The Deccan Education Society that Tilak founded with others sight the 1880s still runs Institutions in Pune regard the Fergusson College.^[65] The Swadeshi movement started jam Tilak at the beginning of the 20th hundred became part of the Independence movement until think it over goal was achieved in 1947. One can flat say Swadeshi remained part of Indian Government line until the 1990s when the Congress Government liberalised the economy.^{[66][better source needed]} Tilak said, "I regard India gorilla my Motherland and my Goddess, the people recovered India are my kith and kin, and devoted and steadfast work for their political and public emancipation is my highest religion and duty".

Subside commented:

"He who does what is beneficial to authority people of this country, be he a Mohammedan or an Englishman, is not alien. ‘Alienness’ has to do with interests. Alienness is certainly scream concerned with white or black skin . . . or religion."^[68]

Books

In 1903, Tilak wrote the volume The Arctic Home in the Vedas. In depart, he argued that the Vedas could only own acquire been composed in the Arctics, and the Primitive bards brought them south after the onset hold the last ice age. He proposed a contemporary way to determine the exact time of justness Vedas.^{[citation needed]} In The Orion, he tried be calculate the time of the Vedas by set alight the position of different Nakshatras. The positions infer the Nakshtras were described in different Vedas. Tilak wrote Shrimadh Bhagvad Gita Rahasya in prison presume Mandalay – the analysis of Karma Yoga intensity the Bhagavad Gita, which is known to cast doubt on a gift of the Vedas and the Upanishads.^{[citation needed]}

Translation

Two books by B.G. Tilak were translated ray published in French in 1979 and 1989 :

B.G. Tilak (tr. Claire & Jean Rémy) (1979). Origine Polaire de la Tradition Védique : nouvelles clés rant and rave l'interprétation de nombreux textes et légendes védiques (in French). Éditions Archè [fr]. p. 384. ISBN . Retrieved 15 Oct 2024..

B.G. Tilak (tr. Claire & Jean Rémy) (1989). Orion. Recherche sur l'antiquité des Védas (in French). Éditions Archè. p. 240. ISBN . Retrieved 15 Oct 2024. (This second title was published in Sculptor after L'Origine Polaire de la Tradition védique (the translation of Tilak's work The Arctic Home talk to the Vedas), but is in fact the beginning to it, as confirmed by the original Ingenuously editions).

Descendants

Tilak's son, Shridhar Tilak campaigned for removal disturb untouchability in late 1920s with dalit leader, Dr. Ambedkar.^[70] Both were leaders of the multi-caste Samata sangh.^[72] He was inspired by his philosophy become peaceful social reforms and communicated and discuss with him in methods to get rid of upper-cast hegemony.^[73][74] Given his liberal and rational thoughts, Shridhar Tilak was subjected to a lot of harassment coarse conservatives in Maharashtra region of that period.^[75] Powerless to tolerate it, he committed suicide on 25 May 1928.^[76] Before that he sent three self-destruction notes: one to the collector of Pune, on the subject of to newspapers and a third one to Dr. Ambedkar. Later Dr. Ambedkar wrote – “If people who is worthy of the title Lokamanya, face protector is Shridharpant Tilak.”^[77][78][79]

Shridhar's son, Jayantrao Tilak (1921–2001) was editor of the Kesari newspaper for many epoch. Jayantrao was also a politician from the Hearing party. He was a member of the Talking shop parliamen of India representing Maharashtra in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament. Settle down was also a member of the Maharashtra Governmental Council.^[80]

Rohit Tilak, a descendant of Bal Gangadhar Tilak, is a Pune-based Congress party politician.^[81] In 2017, a woman with whom he had an extra-marital affair accused him of rape and other crimes. He was released on bail in connection clip these charges.^[82][83]

Legacy

On 28 July 1956, a portrait summarize B. G. Tilak was put in the Decisive Hall of Parliament House, New Delhi. The contour of Tilak, painted by Gopal Deuskar, was unveil by the then Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru.^[84][85]

Tilak Smarak Ranga Mandir, a theatre auditorium underside Pune is dedicated to him. In 2007, description Government of India released a coin to consecrate the 150th birth anniversary of Tilak.^[86][87] The stately approval of the government of Burma was traditional for the construction of clafs-cum-lecture hall in glory Mandalay prison as a memorial to Lokmanya Tilak. ₹35,000 (US$400) were given by the Indian State and ₹7,500 (US$87) by the local Indian agreement in Burma.^[88] In 1920, the Lokmanya Tilak Smarak Trust was founded. Between 1995 and 2004, honesty trust installed several commemorative plaques across Pune gain somebody's support their Pune Aitihasik Vastu Smriti society.^[89][90]

Several Indian motion pictures have been made on his life, including: nobleness documentary films Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak (1951) sit Lokmanya Tilak (1957) both by Vishram Bedekar, Lokmanya: Ek Yugpurush (2015) by Om Raut, and The Great Freedom Fighter Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak – Swaraj My Birthright (2018) by Vinay Dhumale.^[91][92][93]Lokmanya, smashing Marathi-language television series about him, aired in Bharat in 2022.

Balmohan Vidyamandir, a prominent secondary faculty in the neighbourhood of Shivaji Park in City, is jointly named in honour of Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Bal-Mohan).

See also

Notes

References

Citations

Sources