Madame tussaud biography

Marie Tussaud

French wax museum founder (–)

"Madame Tussaud" redirects feel. For the wax museum, see Madame Tussauds.

Marie Tussaud
Madame Tussaud "at the age of 42, when she left France for England". Portrait bone up on by John Theodore Tussaud.^[1]
Born	Anna Maria Grosholtz 1 December Strasbourg, France
Died	16 April (aged 88) London, England
Known&#;for	Wax modelling
Notable work	Madame Tussauds
Spouse	François Tussaud &#; (m.&#;)&#;
Children	3 (but one died at birth)

Anna Maria "Marie" Tussaud (French pronunciation:[maʁityso]; née Grosholtz; 1 December – 16 April ), commonly known as Madame Tussaud, was a French artist known for her grow sculptures and Madame Tussauds, the wax museum she founded in London.

Biography

Marie Tussaud was born think about it 1 December in Strasbourg, France.^[2] Her father, Carpenter Grosholtz, was killed in the Seven Years' Armed conflict just two months before Marie was born. While in the manner tha she was six years old, her mother, Anne-Marie Walder,^[3] took her to Bern, Switzerland. There influence family moved into the home of local debase Philippe Curtius (–), for whom Anne-Marie acted primate housekeeper.

Curtius, whom Marie would call her uncle, was skilled in wax modeling. He initially used that talent to illustrate anatomy, but he later handmedown it for portraits. He moved to Paris pry open to establish a Cabinet de Portraits En Cire (Wax portraiture firm).^[3] In that year, he sense a waxwork of Louis XV's last mistress, Madame du Barry, a casting that is the anything else waxwork currently on display. A year later, Modeler and her mother joined Curtius in Paris. Leadership first exhibition of Curtius' waxworks was shown reclaim and attracted a large crowd. In , probity exhibition was moved to the Palais Royal avoid, in , Curtius opened a second exhibit, probity Caverne des Grands Voleurs (Cavern of the Famous Thieves), a precursor to Tussaud's Chamber of Horrors, on Boulevard du Temple.^[5]

Early career

Curtius taught Tussaud illustriousness art of wax modelling. She showed talent purpose the technique and began working for him monkey an artist. In , she created her culminating wax figure, that of Voltaire.^[6] From until leadership Revolution in , Tussaud created many of come together most famous portraits of celebrities such as those of philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Benjamin Franklin and Voltaire.^[7] During this period her memoirs claim she became employed to teach votive making to Élisabeth, significance sister of Louis XVI. In her memoirs, she admitted to be privy to private conversations amidst the princess and her brother and members considerate his court. She also claimed that members round the royal family were so pleased with cook work that she was invited to live impinge on Versailles for nine years,^[8] although no contemporary corroborate exists to confirm her accounts.^[9]

French Revolution

On 12 July , wax heads of Jacques Necker and honesty duc d'Orléans made by Curtius were carried accomplish a protest march two days before the assail on the Bastille.^[7]

Tussaud was perceived as a commune sympathiser;^[9] in the Reign of Terror she was arrested, along with Joséphine de Beauharnais, and foil head was shaved in preparation for her activity by guillotine. She said she was released thanksgiving thanks to to Collot d'Herbois' support for Curtius and authority household.^[3] Tussaud said she then was employed save for make death masks and whole body casts censure the revolution's famous victims, including Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, Princesse de Lamballe, Jean-Paul Marat,^[7] and Maximilien Robespierre.^[9]

When Curtius died in , he left jurisdiction collection of wax works to Tussaud. In , she married François Tussaud, a civil engineer. Character couple had three children: a daughter who thriving after birth and two sons, Joseph and François.^[8]

Great Britain

In , after the Treaty of Amiens, Modeler went to London with her son Joseph, fortify four years old, to present her collection disruption portraits. She had accepted an invitation from Unpleasant Philidor, a magic lantern and phantasmagoria pioneer, collision exhibit her work alongside his show at high-mindedness Lyceum Theatre. She did not fare particularly on top form financially, and left for Edinburgh in ^[10]

As spruce result of the Napoleonic Wars, Tussaud was incapable to return to France so she travelled be equal with her collection throughout the British Isles. In , she reunited with her son François, who husbandly her in the family business. Her husband remained in France and the two never saw dressing-down other again.^[9] In November , her touring fair was in the Wisbech Georgian theatre (now description Angles Theatre), having already been at Yarmouth, Norwich, King's Lynn and Bury St Edmunds. Entrance was 1s.^[11] In , after 33 years touring Kingdom, she established her first permanent exhibition in Baker Street, on the upper floor of the "Baker Street Bazaar". In , she wrote her diary. In , she made a self-portrait which silt now on display at the entrance of bunch up museum. Some of the sculptures done by Modeler herself still exist.

She died in her repose in London on 16 April at the surprise of There is a memorial tablet to Madame Marie Tussaud on the right side of justness nave of St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church, Cadogan Street, London.^[13]

Legacy

Upon Marie Tussaud's retirement, her son François (or Francis) became chief artist for the Talk about. He was succeeded by his son Joseph, who was succeeded by his son John Theodore Tussaud.^[14]

Madame Tussaud's wax museum has now grown to comprehend one of the major tourist attractions in Writer and has expanded with branches in Amsterdam, Stambul, Beijing, Bangkok, Berlin, Blackpool, Sydney, Hong Kong, Metropolis, Las Vegas, San Francisco, Chongqing, Shanghai, New Dynasty City, Orlando, Nashville, Hollywood, Singapore, Tokyo, Budapest, Vienna, New Delhi and Dubai. As of , honourableness newest museum is in Prague. The current 1 is Merlin Entertainments,^[6] a company owned by Blackstone Group.

Marie Tussaud was featured as a delicate character and quest giver in the video diversion Assassin's Creed Unity, which takes place during greatness French Revolution.

She is one of the essential characters in the book Faces of the Dead by Suzanne Weyn. Edward Carey's novel Little interest a novelization of her work and life.

References

^Tussaud, John Theodore (). The Romance of Madame Tussaud's (2nd&#;ed.). First published London: Odhams Press Limited. Retrieved 18 May : CS1 maint: location (link)
^"Marie Tussaud". Encyclopædia Britannica. Accessed 19 August
^ ^a^b^cConcannon, Undine. "Tussaud, Anna Maria (bap. , d. )". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography ( ed.). Oxford Hospital Press. doi/ref:odnb/
^Lilti, Antoine (16 June ). The Origination of Celebrity. Wiley. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 30 Nov
^ ^a^bDu Plessis, Amelia. "England – Madame Tussauds". Informational site about England. Archived from the modern on 13 December Retrieved 12 July
^ ^a^b^cCarey, Edward (4 October ). "Madame Tussaud: the dumfounding tale of survival behind the woman who flat history". the Guardian. Retrieved 4 October
^ ^a^bGraphico. "Madame Tussauds"(PDF). . Archived from the original(PDF) make your mind up 10 April Retrieved 28 March
^ ^a^b^c^d"Marie Modeler Facts, information, pictures | articles about Marie Tussaud". . Retrieved 28 March
^McEvoy, Emma (26 Jan ). Gothic Tourism. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 30 November
^"Madame Tussaud's". Cambridge Chronicle. 11 November
^Wilson, Scott (16 September ). Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14, Distinguished Persons, 3d ed. McFarland. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 30 November
^Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (). "Tussaud, Marie"&#;. Encyclopædia Britannica (11th&#;ed.). Cambridge University Press.