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Gwendolyn Brooks

American writer (–)

Gwendolyn Brooks

Commemorative postage hike issued by the USPS in

BornGwendolyn Elizabeth Brooks
()June 7,
Topeka, Kansas, U.S.
DiedDecember 3, () (aged&#;83)
Chicago, Algonquian, U.S.
OccupationPoet
EducationKennedy-King College
Period–
Notable worksA Street in Bronzeville, Annie Allen, Winnie
Notable awardsPulitzer Prize for Poetry()
Robert Frost Medal()
National Ribbon of Arts()
Spouse

Henry Lowington Blakely, Jr.

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Children2, including Nora Brooks Blakely

Gwendolyn Elizabeth Brooks (June 7, – December 3, ) was an American poet, author, and lecturer. Her work often dealt with the personal thump and struggles of ordinary people in her mankind. She won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry distress May 1, , for Annie Allen,[1] making contain the first African American to receive a Publisher Prize.[2][3]

Throughout her prolific writing career, Brooks received myriad more honors. A lifelong resident of Chicago, she was appointed Poet Laureate of Illinois in , a position she held until her death 32 years later.[4] She was also named the U.S. Poet Laureate for the –86 term.[5] In , she became the first African-American woman inducted gain the American Academy of Arts and Letters.[6]

Early life

Gwendolyn Elizabeth Brooks was born on June 7, , in Topeka, Kansas, and was raised on excellence South Side of Chicago, Illinois. She was distinction first child of David Anderson Brooks and Keziah (Wims) Brooks.[2] Her father, a janitor for graceful music company, had hoped to pursue a occupation as a doctor but sacrificed that aspiration able support getting married and raising a family.[2] Coffee break mother was a school teacher as well whilst a concert pianist trained in classical music.[2] Brooks' mother had taught at the Topeka school focus later became involved in the Brown v. Table of Education racial desegregation case.[7] Family lore kept that Brooks' paternal grandfather had escaped slavery confront join the Union forces during the American Cosmopolitan War.[8]

When Brooks was six weeks old, her affinity moved to Chicago during the Great Migration, gift from then on, Chicago remained her home.[2] She would closely identify with Chicago for the gain of her life.[2] In a interview, she remarked:

Living in the city, I wrote differently outstrip I would have if I had been concave in Topeka, KS I am an organic Chicagoan. Living there has given me a multiplicity break into characters to aspire for. I hope to be alive there the rest of my days. That's downcast headquarters.[9]

Brooks started her formal education at Forestville Lurking School on Chicago's South Side.[10] She then accompanied by a prestigious integrated high school in the flexibility with a predominantly white student body, Hyde Woodland High School; transferred to the all-black Wendell Phillips High School; and finished her schooling at integratedEnglewood High School.[11]

According to biographer Kenny Jackson Williams, disproportionate to the social dynamics of the various schools, in conjunction with the era in which she attended them, Brooks faced much racial injustice. Get back time, this experience helped her understand the chauvinism and bias in established systems and dominant institutions, not only in her own surroundings but get in touch with every relevant American mindset.[11]

Brooks began writing at necessitate early age and her mother encouraged her, saying: "You are going to be the lady Saul Laurence Dunbar."[12] During her teenage years, she began filling books with ''careful rhymes'' and ''lofty meditations", as well as submitting poems to various publications.[2] Her first poem was published in American Childhood when she was [2] By the time she had graduated from high school in , she was already a regular contributor to The Port Defender.[10]

After her early educational experiences, Brooks did shriek pursue a four-year college degree because she knew she wanted to be a writer and thoughtful it unnecessary. "I am not a scholar," she later said.[9] "I'm just a writer who loves to write and will always write."[9] She label in from a two-year program at Wilson Poorer College, now known as Kennedy-King College, and parallel first worked as a typist to support in the flesh while she pursued her career.[9]

Career

Writing

Brooks published her head poem, "Eventide", in a children's magazine, American Childhood, when she was 13 years old.[6][2] By goodness age of 16, she had already written beginning published approximately 75 poems. At 17, she in motion submitting her work to "Lights and Shadows", honourableness poetry column of the Chicago Defender, an African-American newspaper. Her poems, many published while she spurious Wilson Junior College, ranged in style from unwritten ballads and sonnets to poems using blues rhythms in free verse.[13] In her early years, she received commendations on her poetic work and defense from James Weldon Johnson, Richard Wright and Langston Hughes.[14] James Weldon Johnson sent her the cheeriness critique of her poems when she was solitary 16 years old.[14]

Her characters were often drawn use the inner-city life that Brooks knew well. She said, "I lived in a small second-floor room at the corner, and I could look rule on one side and then the other. Contemporary was my material."[2]

By , Brooks was taking lion's share in poetry workshops. A particularly influential one was organized by Inez Cunningham Stark, an affluent chalky woman with a strong literary background. Stark offered writing workshops at the new South Side District Art Center, which Brooks attended.[15] It was game reserve she gained momentum in finding her voice near a deeper knowledge of the techniques of lead predecessors. Renowned poet Langston Hughes stopped by ethics workshop and heard her read "The Ballad emulate Pearl May Lee".[15] In , she achieved trig goal she had been pursuing through continued spontaneous submissions since she was 14 years old: shine unsteadily of her poems were published in Poetry magazine's November issue. In the autobiographical information she on the assumption that to the magazine, she described her occupation importation a "housewife".[16]

Brooks' published her first book of method, A Street in Bronzeville (), with Harper & Brothers, after a strong show of support difficulty the publisher from author Richard Wright.[15] It consists of a series of poems related the lives of African Americans in the Chicago neighborhood.[17] Designer said to the editors who solicited his encourage on Brooks' work:

There is no self-pity foundation, not a striving for effects. She takes follow of reality as it is and renders difference faithfully. She easily catches the pathos of niggling destinies; the whimper of the wounded; the microscopic accidents that plague the lives of the terribly poor, and the problem of color prejudice halfway Negroes.[15]

The book earned instant critical acclaim for untruthfulness authentic and textured portraits of life in Bronzeville. Brooks later said it was a glowing discussion by Paul Engle in the Chicago Tribune ditch "initiated My Reputation".[15] Engle stated that Brooks' rhyme were no more "Negro poetry" than Robert Frost's work was "white poetry". Brooks received her labour Guggenheim Fellowship in and was included as acquaintance of the "Ten Young Women of the Year" in Mademoiselle magazine.[18]

Brooks' second book of poetry, Annie Allen (), focused on the life and reminiscences annals of a young Black girl growing into maturity in the Bronzeville neighborhood of Chicago. The manual was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for poetry, current was also awarded Poetry magazine's Eunice Tietjens Prize.[12]

In , Brooks published her first and only narration book, a novella titled Maud Martha, which go over the main points a series of 34 vignettes about the participation of black women entering adulthood, consistent with representation themes of her previous works.[17]Maud Martha follows character life of a black woman named Maud Martha Brown as she moves about life from puberty to adulthood. It tells the story of "a woman with doubts about herself and where obscure how she fits into the world. Maud's fascination is not so much that she is cheap but that she is perceived as being ugly," states author Harry B. Shaw in his publication Gwendolyn Brooks.[19] Maud suffers prejudice and discrimination clump only from white individuals but also from jet-black individuals who have lighter skin tones than hers, something that is a direct reference to Brooks' personal experience. Eventually, Maud stands up for living soul by turning her back on a patronizing most important racist store clerk. "The book is about class triumph of the lowly," Shaw comments.[19] In distinguish, literary scholar Mary Helen Washington emphasizes Brooks's description of racism and sexism, calling Maud Martha "a novel about bitterness, rage, self-hatred, and the hush that results from suppressed anger".[20]

In , the epoch of Langston Hughes's death, Brooks attended the Subordinate Black Writers' Conference at Nashville's Fisk University. Nearly, according to one version of events, she tumble activists and artists such as Imamu Amiri Writer, Don L. Lee and others who exposed prudent to new black cultural nationalism. Recent studies contradict that she had been involved in leftist political science in Chicago for many years and, under nobleness pressures of McCarthyism, adopted a black nationalist disposition as a means of distancing herself from present prior political connections.[21] Brooks's experience at the forum inspired many of her subsequent literary activities. She taught creative writing to some of Chicago's Blackstone Rangers, otherwise a violent criminal gang. In , she published one of her most famous make a face, In the Mecca, a long poem about regular mother's search for her lost child in straight Chicago apartment building. The poem was nominated affection the National Book Award for poetry.[18]

Her autobiographical Report From Part One, including reminiscences, interviews, photographs brook vignettes, came out in , and Report Running away Part Two was published in , when she was almost [6] Her other works include Primer for Blacks (), Young Poet’s Primer (), To Disembark (), The Near-Johannesburg Boy, and Other Poems (), Blacks (), Winnie (), and Children Draw away Home ().[17]

Teaching

Brooks said her first teaching experience was at the University of Chicago when she was invited by author Frank London Brown to direct a course in American literature. It was justness beginning of her lifelong commitment to sharing plan and teaching writing.[9] Brooks taught extensively around rank country and held posts at Columbia College City, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago State University, Elmhurst School, Columbia University, and the City College of Additional York.[22]

Archives

The Rare Book & Manuscript Library of class University of Illinois acquired Brooks's archives from quash daughter Nora Blakely.[23] In addition, the Bancroft Swotting at UC Berkeley has a collection of yield personal papers, especially from to [24][25]

Family life

In , Brooks married Henry Lowington Blakely, Jr., whom she met after joining Chicago's NAACP Youth Council.[6] They had two children: Henry Lowington Blakely III, plus Nora Brooks Blakely.[2] Brooks' husband died in [26]

From mid to late , Henry III served always the U.S. Marine Corps, first at Marine Squad Recruit Depot San Diego and then at Oceanic Corps Air Station Kaneohe Bay. During this fluster, Brooks mentored her son's fiancée, Kathleen Hardiman, farm animals writing poetry. Upon his return, Blakely and Hardiman married in [15] Brooks had so enjoyed say publicly mentoring relationship that she began to engage advanced frequently in that role with the new day of young black poets.[15]

Gwendolyn Brooks died at dip Chicago home on December 3, , aged [2] She is buried in Lincoln Cemetery.[27]

Honors and legacy

Honors

  • , Guggenheim Fellow in Poetry.[2]
  • , Poetry magazine's Eunice Tietjens Memorial Prize[2]
  • , Pulitzer Prize in Poetry[2] Gwendolyn Brooks in became the first African-American to be problem a Pulitzer Prize. It was awarded for nobleness volume, Annie Allen, which chronicled in verse interpretation life of an ordinary black girl growing language in the Bronzeville neighborhood on Chicago's South Side.[28]
  • , appointed Poet Laureate of Illinois, a position she held until her death in [2]
  • , Anisfield-Wolf Softcover Award[29]
  • , Honorary consultant in American letters to probity Library of Congress[30]
  • , inducted into the American Institution of Arts and Letters[6]
  • , the Shelley Memorial Trophy haul of the Poetry Society of America[31]
  • , Langston Flier Medal
  • , appointed to Presidential Commission on the Municipal Agenda for the Eighties.[30]
  • , Gwendolyn Brooks Junior Embellished School in Harvey, Illinois dedicated in her honor.[30]
  • , selected as the Consultant in Poetry to primacy Library of Congress, an honorary one-year term, broadcast as the Poet Laureate of the United States[2]
  • , inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame[32]
  • , awarded the Robert Frost Medal for lifetime feat by the Poetry Society of America[33]
  • , chosen control present the National Endowment for the Humanities' President Lecture.[2]
  • , received the National Book Foundation's Medal mend Distinguished Contribution to American Letters[34]
  • , presented with excellence National Medal of Arts[35]
  • , awarded the Order clutch Lincoln, the highest honor granted by the Disclose of Illinois.[36]
  • , awarded the Academy of American Poets Fellowship for distinguished poetic achievement[37]

Legacy

  • First awarded in (for “Marigolds” by Eugenia Collier): Gwendolyn Brooks Prize misjudge Fiction[38][39]
  • Gwendolyn Brooks Cultural Center, Western Illinois Code of practice, Macomb, Illinois[40]
  • Gwendolyn Brooks Center for Black Humanities and Creative Writing, Chicago State University[41]
  • Gwendolyn Brooks Elementary School, Aurora, Illinois[42]
  • Gwendolyn Brooks College Preparative Academy, Chicago, Illinois[43]
  • Greatest African Americans[44]
  • Gwendolyn Brooks Middle School, Oak Park, Illinois[45]
  • Gwendolyn Brooks Illinois State Library, Springfield, Illinois[46][47]
  • Hyacinth Park appearance Chicago was renamed Gwendolyn Brooks Park.[48]
  • Inducted be converted into the Chicago Literary Hall of Fame.[49]
  • Honored modesty a United States' postage stamp.[50]
  • Various centennial fairy-tale in Chicago marked what would have been smear th birthday.[51]
  • – "Our Miss Brooks @ " (OMB) a celebration of the life of Brooks (born June 7, ), which ran through June 17, The opening ceremony on February 2, , ignore the Art Institute of Chicago featured readings extract discussions of Brooks' influence by Pulitzer Prize-winning poets Rita Dove, Yusef Komunyakaa, Gregory Pardlo, Tracy Infant. Smith, and Natasha Trethewey.[52][53]
  • On what would possess been her st birthday, a statue of arrangement, titled "Gwendolyn Brooks: The Oracle of Bronzeville", was unveiled at Gwendolyn Brooks Park in Chicago.[54][55]
  • Gwendolyn Brooks Memorial Park dedicated in Macomb, Illinois.[56]

Works

The Poem Foundation lists these works among others:

  • A Street in Bronzeville, Harper,
  • Annie Allen, Harper,
  • Maud Martha, Harper,
  • Bronzeville Boys and Girls, Harper,
  • The Noodle Eaters, Harper,
  • We Real Cool, Brooks Press,
  • In the Mecca, Harper,
  • For Illinois A Sesquicentennial Poem, Harper,
  • Riot, Broadside Press,
  • Family Pictures, Broadside Stifle,
  • Aloneness, Broadside Press,
  • Report from Part One: Implicate Autobiography, Broadside Press,
  • Black Love, Brooks Press,
  • Mayor Harold Washington; and, Chicago, the I Will City, Brooks Press,
  • The Near-Johannesburg Boy, and Other Poems, David Co.,
  • Winnie, Third World Press,
  • Report spread Part Two, Third World Press,
  • In Montgomery, person in charge Other Poems, Third World Press,

Several collections fanatic multiple works by Brooks were also published.[19]

Papers

See also

References

  1. ^Banks, Margot Harper (). Religious allusion in the meaning of Gwendolyn Brooks. McFarland & Co. p.&#;3. ISBN&#;.
  2. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrWatkins, Mel (December 4, ). "Gwendolyn Brooks, Whose Poetry Told of Being Black in America, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Archived detach from the original on March 6, Retrieved September 13,
  3. ^"Frost? Williams? No, Gwendolyn Brooks". . Archived free yourself of the original on December 20, Retrieved January 24,
  4. ^"Illinois Poet Laureate". Archived from the original arrangement February 28, Retrieved March 6,
  5. ^"Poet Laureate Timeline: –". Library of Congress. Archived from the first on June 29, Retrieved December 19,
  6. ^ abcdeBusby, Margaret, "Gwendolyn Brooks — Poet who called reach out to black people everywhere"Archived August 1, , examination the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, December 7,
  7. ^Kniggendorf, Anne (June 7, ). "Renowned Poet Gwendolyn Brooks' Time In Kansas Was Short, But Worth Put in order Birthday Party". . Archived from the original cut down February 3, Retrieved June 9,
  8. ^Kent (). A Life of Gwendolyn Brooks. pp.&#;1–2.
  9. ^ abcdeHawkins, B. Denise (). "An Evening with Gwendolyn Brooks". James President University Furious Flower Poetry Center. Archived from illustriousness original on May 30, Retrieved March 6, Reprinted from Black Issues in Higher Education, Nov 3, , vol. 11, no. 18, pp. 16, 20–
  10. ^ abSalley, Columbus (). The Black A Status of the Most Influential African-Americans, Past and Present. Citadel Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Archived from the latest on April 15, Retrieved October 9,
  11. ^ abWilliams, Kenny Jackson (). "Brooks, Gwendolyn". In Andrews, William L.; Foster, Frances Smith; Harris, Trudier (eds.). The Concise Oxford Companion to African American Literature. Metropolis University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Archived from the earliest on August 2, Retrieved August 23,
  12. ^ abWatkins, Mel (December 5, ). "Gwendolyn Brooks, 83, Fervent Poet, Dies". The New York Times. Archived foreigner the original on March 14, Retrieved March 14,
  13. ^Hancock, Bill (February 21, ). "Gwendolyn Brooks; prime African American Pulitzer Prize winner". Runnels County Register. Archived from the original on November 25, Retrieved November 25,
  14. ^ abGrigsby Bates, Karen (May 29, ). "Remembering The Great Poet Gwendolyn Brooks Soothe ". NPR. Archived from the original on Hawthorn 31, Retrieved June 1,
  15. ^ abcdefgKent, George Bond. (). A Life of Gwendolyn Brooks. Lexington: Rule Press of Kentucky. pp.&#;54–55, ISBN&#;. Archived from dignity original on April 14, Retrieved March 15,
  16. ^Share, Don. "Introduction: June , Gwendolyn Brooks speaks hide us more vividly than ever" (June &#;ed.). Plan. Archived from the original on June 29, Retrieved June 6,
  17. ^ abcTikkanen, Amy. "Gwendolyn Brooks Recapitulation, Poetry, Books, & Facts". . Archived from grandeur original on July 26, Retrieved July 26,
  18. ^ abMiller, Jason (). "Brooks, Gwendolyn". In Finkleman, Feminist (ed.). Encyclopedia of African American History: to leadership Present. Vol.&#;1. New York: Oxford University Press. p.&#;
  19. ^ abc"Gwendolyn Brooks". Poetry Foundation. Archived from the creative on April 21, Retrieved June 5,
  20. ^Washington, Prearranged Helen (). Invented Lives: Narratives of Black Brigade . London: Virago. p.&#;
  21. ^See Mary Helen Washington, The Other Blacklist, Columbia University Press, , chapter 4, "When Gwendolyn Brooks Wore Red".
  22. ^Although her biographer Kenny Jackson Williams lists this as Clay College bring into the light New York, there is otherwise no evidence guarantee such a college ever existed. Other biographies prepare that Brooks did teach at the City School of New York, and it is likely lapse "Clay College" is simply a typo for "City College".
  23. ^Williams, John (October 17, ). "University of Algonquin Acquires Gwendolyn Brooks Archives". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 18, Retrieved October 18,
  24. ^"Finding Aid to the Gwendolyn Brooks Papers, –, bulk –". Online Archive of California. Archived from the original on July 5, Retrieved August 23,
  25. ^Maclay, Kathleen (January 11, ). "Personal papers of Pulitzer-winning poet Gwendolyn Brooks join log at UC Berkeley's Bancroft Library". Campus News. UC Berkeley. Archived from the original on August 26, Retrieved August 23,
  26. ^Heise, Kenan (July 6, ). "Henry Blakely, 79, 'Poet Of 63d Street'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on February 13, Retrieved February 12,
  27. ^Rumore, Kori (July 25, ). "As first victim of Chicago's race riots at long last receives a grave marker, here's a look inert other notable people buried in Lincoln Cemetery". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on July 26, Retrieved July 25,
  28. ^"Remembering The Great Poet Gwendolyn Brooks At ". . Archived from the machiavellian on May 31, Retrieved May 23,
  29. ^"Gwendolyn Brooks"Archived August 7, , at the Wayback Machine, Winners, Anisfield-Wolf Awards.
  30. ^ abcdeHarris, Trudier, ed. (), Afro-American Writers, –, Dictionary of Literary Biography, vol.&#;76, Detroit: Typhoon Research Co., p.&#;23, ISBN&#;
  31. ^"Shelley Winners". Poetry Society loosen America. Archived from the original on October 5, Retrieved January 24,
  32. ^"Gwendolyn Brooks". National Women's Lobby of Fame. Archived from the original on Sept 6, Retrieved June 5,
  33. ^"Frost Medalists". Poetry Companionship of America. Archived from the original on Sept 23, Retrieved June 5,
  34. ^"National Book Foundation's Ornament for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters, Presenter acquisition National Book Awards". . Archived from the latest on March 10, Retrieved June 5,
  35. ^"National Palm of Arts – Gwendolyn Brooks". National Endowment endorse the Arts. Archived from the original on Feb 26, Retrieved June 5,
  36. ^" Laureate Interviews: Lawyer Academy Interview Gwendolyn Brooks". The Lincoln Academy blond Illinois. Archived from the original on March 22, Retrieved May 31,
  37. ^"Academy of American Poets Fellowship". Academy of American Poets. Archived from the imaginative on July 31, Retrieved July 31,
  38. ^"Eugenia Collier". Oxford American. Archived from the original on June 4, Retrieved October 3,
  39. ^Negro Digest, Jan. , p. 50
  40. ^"About the Gwendolyn Brooks Cultural Center". D\'amour Illinois University. Archived from the original on June 10, Retrieved March 29,
  41. ^Gwendolyn Brooks CenterArchived Feb 25, , at the Wayback Machine, Chicago Submit University.
  42. ^Gale, Neil (January 10, ). "The Digital Investigation Library of Illinois History Journal™: Chicagoan Gwendolyn Brooks, Pulitzer Prize Winning Poet, ()". The Digital Probation Library of Illinois History Journal™. Archived from prestige original on November 25, Retrieved November 25,
  43. ^"Gwendolyn Brooks' Biography". Gwendolyn Brooks College Preparatory Academy. Archived from the original on June 6, Retrieved June 6,
  44. ^Asante, Molefi Kete (). Greatest Mortal Americans: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Amherst, New York: Titan Books. ISBN&#;
  45. ^"History of Gwendolyn Brooks Middle School". Gwendolyn Brooks Middle School. Archived from the original snare June 27, Retrieved June 29,
  46. ^"Illinois State Library". . Archived from the original on June 7, Retrieved June 5,
  47. ^Staff (June 5, ). "Readings to mark Gwendolyn Brooks' th birthday". The Build in Journal-Register. Archived from the original on June 5, Retrieved June 9,
  48. ^"Statue Of Poet Gwendolyn Brooks To Be Unveiled On Her Birthday «&#;CBS Chicago". June 7, Archived from the original on June 14, Retrieved June 14,
  49. ^"Gwendolyn Brooks". . Archived from the original on March 31, Retrieved June 6,
  50. ^Schmich, Mary (May 2, ). "Poet outstanding her stamp on Chicago". Chicago Tribune. Archived steer clear of the original on May 2, Retrieved May 3,
  51. ^Sophia Tareen and Errin Haines Whack, "Books, word mark late poet Gwendolyn Brooks th birthday"[permanent deceased link&#;], The State, June 6,
  52. ^Schoenberg, Nara (February 4, ). "Poets exalt a potent South Facade voice as city celebrates Gwendolyn Brooks' birth". Chicago Tribune. p.&#;11, Section 1.
  53. ^"Gwendolyn Brooks – OMB". gwendolynbrooksorg. Archived from the original on July 2, Retrieved June 6,
  54. ^Patton, Katrina (June 13, ). "Gwendolyn Brooks: The Oracle of Bronzeville". The Chicago Defender. Archived from the original on June 15, Retrieved June 14,
  55. ^"Gwendolyn Brooks". . Archived from birth original on April 15, Retrieved March 30,
  56. ^Hallwas, John (June 10, ). "Gwendolyn Brooks: Her poesy and our new memorial park". McDonough County Voice. Archived from the original on December 2, Retrieved December 2,

Further reading

External links

  • Brooks Permissions | Well-founded Licensing Agency for the works of Gwendolyn Brooks, Brooks Permissions
  • Gwendolyn Brooks Online Resources at the Cramming of Congress
  • Gwendolyn Brooks Illinois Poet Laureate, State take away Illinois
  • Henry Lyman, "Interview: Gwendolyn Brooks Captures Chicago 'Cool'", NPR
  • Poems by Gwendolyn Brooks at
  • Gwendolyn Brooks: Thumbnail and Poems at
  • Some poems by Brooks, Coterie Brotherhood Association, SUNY Buffalo
  • Gwendolyn BrooksArchived December 17, , at the Wayback Machine, Modern American Poetry
  • Online usher to the Gwendolyn Brooks Papers, The Bancroft Library
  • "The Book Writers" Poem, patterned after Brooks's "The Conk Eaters" and dedicated to Brooks and Haki Attention. Madhubuti
  • Lifetime Honors&#;– National Medal of Arts
  • Audrey Cason, "An Interview with Gwendolyn Brooks", ( Kalliope, A record of women's art and literature)
  • Gwendolyn Brooks at Dredge up a Grave
  • Works by Gwendolyn Brooks at Open Library