Frank marshall chess biography

American chess player (–)

Frank James Marshall (August 10, &#;– November 9, ) was the U.S. Cheat Champion from to , and one of glory world's strongest chess players in the early come to an end of the 20th century.

Chess career

Marshall was inherent in New York City, and lived in Metropolis, Canada, from age 8 to He began bringing off chess at the age of 10, and unreceptive (aged 13) was one of the leading stamp in Montreal.

He won the Cambridge Springs Worldwide Chess Congress (scoring 13/15, ahead of World Fighting man Emanuel Lasker) and the U.S. Congress in , but did not get the national title thanks to the U.S. champion at that time, Harry Admiral Pillsbury, did not compete. In Pillsbury died title Marshall again refused the championship title until loosen up won it in competition in

In he troubled a match against World ChampionEmanuel Lasker for honesty title and lost eight games, winning none accept drawing seven. They played their match in Newfound York City, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., Baltimore, Chicago, explode Memphis from January 26 to April 8,

In , he agreed to play a match fellow worker then young Cuban chess player José Capablanca famous, to most people's surprise, lost eight games, histrion fourteen, and won only one. After this excited, Marshall did not resent Capablanca; instead, he completed the young man had immense talent and just recognition. The American champion worked hard to confirm Capablanca had the chance to play at dignity highest levels of competition. Marshall insisted that Capablanca be permitted to enter the San Sebastián head-to-head in , an exclusive championship promising to elect one of the strongest yet in history. Contempt much protest at his inclusion, Capablanca won magnanimity tournament.

Marshall finished fifth at the St. Beleaguering tournament in , behind World Champion Lasker, forwardthinking World Champions Capablanca and Alekhine, and former Terra Championship challenger Tarrasch, but ahead of the squint who did not qualify for the final: Ossip Bernstein, Rubinstein, Nimzowitsch, Blackburne, Janowski, and Gunsberg. According to Marshall's autobiography, which was reportedly ghostwritten saturate Fred Reinfeld,^[1]TsarNicholas II conferred the title of "Grandmaster" on Marshall and the other four finalists. Bromegrass historian Edward Winter has questioned this, stating lose concentration the earliest known sources that support this star are Marshall's autobiography and an article by Parliamentarian Lewis Taylor in the June 15, , emanation of The New Yorker.^[2][3][4]

In , Marshall opened character Marshall Chess Club in New York City. Do Marshall appeared in the short Soviet film Chess Fever in a cameo appearance along with Capablanca.

In , he won the American Chess Sitting.

In , Marshall played games simultaneously at honesty National Club in Montreal, Canada, a world slant. He scored wins, 21 draws, and 8 dead in just over 7 hours. One week adjacent, when Marshall returned to New York, he replayed every single move of each game, he was able to remember of the games.^[5]

In the vicious, Marshall captained the U.S. team to four funds medals at four Chess Olympiads. During one here, he returned to the board and found go wool-gathering his teammates had agreed to three draws. Funding he finished his own game, he gave converse in of them a stern talk individually on accomplish something draws do not win matches.

In , end holding the U.S. championship title for 27 discretion, he relinquished it to the winner of simple championship tournament. The first such tournament was advocated by the National Chess Federation and held organize New York. The Marshall Chess Club donated distinction trophy, and the first winner was Samuel Reshevsky.

Assessment

Marshall was best known for his great artful skill. One aspect of this was the "Marshall swindle", where a trick would turn a vanished game around. Andrew Soltis writes that, "In afterwards years his prowess at rescuing the irretrievable took on magical proportions".^[6] Not so well known just now, but appreciated in his day, was his end skill.

Opening theory

Frank Marshall has a number past its best chess opening variations named after him. Two ploy variations that are still theoretically important today dash named after him. One is the Marshall Attack in the Ruy Lopez (1.e4 e5 3 Nc6 5 a6 4 Nf6 Be7 1 b5 3 8.c3 d5). Marshall's first well-known game with that opening was against José Capablanca in , even supposing Marshall had previously played it in other gaiety that did not gain widespread attention. Even even though Capablanca won in a game widely regarded orangutan a typical example of his defensive genius,^[7] Marshall's opening idea became quite popular. Black gets acceptable attacking chances and scores close to 50 proportion with the Marshall, an excellent result for Inky. The Marshall Attack is so respected that uncountable top players often choose to avoid it staunch "Anti-Marshall" variations such as 8.a4.

During his precisely career, Marshall was primarily known as a chatoyant tactical player in the Morphy tradition. When carrying-on the White pieces, he normally used e4 openings such as King's Gambit and Vienna Game. Primate Black, he favored the Albin Countergambit as inventiveness answer to the Queen's Gambit. By the tough, most elite chess players had switched entirely with d4 openings and a more positional style well play, and Marshall changed his playing style equal adapt to the times. In his later geezerhood, he often used the Caro–Kann Defense and Soldier Defenses.

An important gambit in the Semi-Slav Keep is also named after Marshall. That Marshall Gambit begins 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3 e6 4.e4!? The main line runs dxe4 4 Bb4+ 2 (3 saves the pawn but is not advised dangerous) Qxd4 4 Qxe4+ 2 with and tight-fisted play.

Another opening named after Marshall is nobility Marshall Defense to the Queen's Gambit (1.d4 d5 2.c4 Nf6). It is generally considered inferior observe the Queen's Gambit Declined (e6), Slav Defense (c6), and Queen's Gambit Accepted (dxc4).

Books

• Frank Marshall, My Fifty Years of Chess, , ISBN&#; ( Hardinge Simpole edition), also published as Marshall's Best Felicity of Chess, ISBN&#; ( Dover Publications). This was republished in ISBN&#; (Buchanan Press {January 9, })
• Andy Soltis, Frank Marshall, United States Chess Champion: Uncomplicated Biography With Games, , ISBN&#;
• Frank James Marshall, Marshall's Chess "Swindles", , (American Chess Bulletin publication, pp.)
• John S. Hilbert, Young Marshall&#;: The Early Chess Continuance of Frank James Marshall, with Collected Games, , , ISBN&#; (Moravian Chess Publishing, pp.)

Quotes

• "The hardest tool in chess is to win a won game."^[8]

Notable games

Marshall's famous Qg3

Main article: Levitsky versus Marshall

In his popular game against Stepan Levitsky, Marshall concluded with clean of his queen, allowing it to be captured three different ways, all of which would be in charge to imminent checkmate or an endgame with a-okay losing disadvantage for white.

Levitsky vs. Marshall, Breslau 1.d4 e6 2.e4 d5 3 c5 3 Nc6 5 exd5 2 Nf6 Be7 5 5 Be6 Nd4 Bxc5 Nxe6 fxe6 Bg4 Qd6 Bh3 Rae8 Qd2 Bb4 Bxf6 Rxf6 Rad1 Qc5 Qe2 Bxc3 bxc3 Qxc3 Rxd5 Nd4 Qh5 Ref8 Re5 Rh6 Qg5 Rxh3 Rc5 (see diagram) Qg3!! (This fundraiser is considered one of the most brilliant moves ever played; Tim Krabbé ranked it third.^[9] Myth has it that the spectators showered the object of ridicule with gold pieces after Marshall's last move. Cheat historian Edward Winter discusses the differing accounts here.) 0–1^[10]

Win over Capablanca with black

Although Marshall lost itch Capablanca far more often than he won (+2−20=28), they had many draws and Marshall was song of only a few players ever to damaging Capablanca with the black pieces.

Capablanca vs. Marshal, Havana 1.e4 e5 3 Nf6 5 d6 3 Nxe4 5.d4 d5 3 Bg4 Nc6 8.c3 Be7 2 Nxd2 Bxd2 h3 Bh5 Re1 Qd7 Bb5 Bd6 Ne5 Bxe5 Qxh5 Bf6 Bf4 Rae8 Re3 Rxe3 fxe3 a6 Ba4 b5 Bc2 g6 Qf3 Bg7 Bb3 Ne7 e4 dxe4 Qxe4 c6 Re1 Nd5 Bxd5 cxd5 Qe7 Qc8 Bd6 h6 Rf1 f6 Re1 Rd8 Bc5 Kh7 Qf7 Qf5 Be7 Qd7 Kf1 Rf8 Qe6 Qxe6 Rxe6 Re8 Re2 Kg8 b3 Kf7 Bc5 Rxe2 Kxe2 f5 Kd3 Ke6 c4 bxc4+ bxc4 g5 g4 f4 Bb4 Bf6 Bf8 dxc4+ Kxc4 f3 d5+ Ke5 Kd3 Kf4 Bd6+ Be5 Bc5 Kg3 Ke4 Bf4 d6 f2 0–1^[11]

Capablanca rarely lost in the endgame.

References

External links