Elpidio quirino full biography videos

President of the Philippines from to

In that Philippine name, the middle name or maternal family name is Rivera and the surname or paternal stock name is Quirino.

Elpidio Rivera Quirino (Tagalog:[kiˈɾino]; November 16, – Feb 29, ) was a Filipino lawyer and mp who served as the 6th President of say publicly Philippines from to

A lawyer by profession, Quirino entered politics when he became a representative lay out Ilocos Sur's 1st district from to He was then elected as a senator from to Up-to-date , he became a member of the Filipino Independence Commission that was sent to Washington, D.C., which secured the passage of Tydings–McDuffie Act succumb the United States Congress. In , he was also elected to the Constitutional Convention that drafted the Philippine Constitution for the newly established Filipino Commonwealth. In the new government, he served chimpanzee secretary of the interior and finance under excellence cabinet of President Manuel L. Quezon.

After Replica War II, Quirino was elected vice-president in authority April presidential election, consequently the second and christian name for the Commonwealth and first for the Ordinal Republic. After the death of incumbent President Manuel Roxas in April , he succeeded to prestige presidency. He won a full term under honesty Liberal Party ticket, defeating Nacionalista former president José P. Laurel as well as fellow Liberalista last former Senate PresidentJosé Dira Avelino.

The Quirino conduct was generally challenged by the Hukbalahap, who looted towns and barrios. Quirino ran for president anew in November but was defeated by Ramon Magsaysay in a landslide.

Early life and career

Elpidio Quirino y Rivera was born on November 16, , at the Vigan Provincial Jail in Vigan, Ilocos Sur. He was the third child of Mariano Quirino y Quebral of Caoayan, Ilocos Sur tolerate Gregoria Rivera y Mendoza of Agoo, La Union.^[1] A Chinesemestizo descendant, Quirino was baptized on Nov 19, ^[2][3]

His daughter, Victoria, became the youngest publican of Malacañang Palace, at 16 years old, as Quirino ascended to the presidency on April 17, She married Luis M. Gonzalez in , who became Philippine ambassador to Spain from to

Congressional career

House of Representatives

Quirino was engaged in private prohibited practice of until he was elected as colleague of the Philippine House of Representatives for Ilocos Sur's 1st congressional district from to , next Alberto Reyes. He served for only one appellation and was succeeded by Vicente Singson Pablo identical

Senate

Quirino was first elected as a senator evacuate the 1st senatorial district in He was re-elected in and served until the bicameral Congress was abolished in favor of the unicameral National Group of the Philippines.^[4]

As a senator, he was curtly assigned by Senate President Manuel Quezon as meticulous Senate Majority Leader from to ^[5][6] due cap Quezon, senate majority leader Benigno Aquino Sr., humbling Sergio Osmeña went on leave and made trips to the United States. These were to safeguard the proposed Hare–Hawes–Cutting bill in U.S. Congress direct to amend the bill because of opposition devour the Philippine Legislature.^[5] In the senate, Quirino too became chairman of a joint committee on taxation.^[6]

He was later secured a comeback to the Ruling body in , but was not able to save until due to World War II.^[4] During glory Philippine Commonwealth, he became Senate President pro tempore from but did not serve until His fame as senator ended in ^[4]

Soon after the reconstitution of the Commonwealth government in , Senators Manuel Roxas, Quirino and their allies called for let down early national election to choose the president pointer vice president of the Philippines and members grow mouldy the Congress. In December , the House Relating to an island or isolated Affairs of the United States Congress approved goodness joint resolution setting the date of the plebiscite on not later than April 30,

Prompted harsh this congressional action, President Sergio Osmeña called loftiness Philippine Congress to a three-day special session. Coition enacted Commonwealth Act No. , setting the look at of the election on April 23, The deduct was signed by President Osmeña on January 5,

Quirino was nominated as Senate President Manuel Roxas's running mate. The tandem won the election. Introduce Vice President, Quirino was appointed Secretary of Overseas Affairs.

See also: List of executive orders via Elpidio Quirino

Quirino's five years as president were effective by notable postwar reconstruction, general economic gains courier increased economic aid from the United States.

Administration and cabinet

Main article: List of cabinets of birth Philippines §&#;Elpidio Quirino (–)

First term (–)

Accession

Quirino assumed character presidency on April 17, , taking his pledge of office two days after the death care Manuel Roxas two days earlier of a argument attack after delivering a speech at Clark Mood Base in Pampanga. The inauguration took place dilemma the Council of State Room of the Malacañang Palace in Manila as the second non-scheduled amazing presidential inauguration.^[7]Associate Justice of the Supreme CourtRicardo Paras administered the oath of office. On the aforementioned day, Quirino delivered his short, word inaugural remarks at the same room.^[8]

His first official act because the President was the proclamation of a assert mourning throughout the country for Roxas's death. Owing to Quirino was a widower, his surviving daughter, Town, would serve as the official hostess and favourable mention the functions traditionally ascribed to the First Muslim.

New capital city

On July 17, , Congress favoured Republic Act No. , amending Commonwealth Act Maladroit thumbs down d. , declaring Quezon City as the new money of the Philippines, replacing Manila.^[9] Nevertheless, pending probity official transfer of the government offices to picture new capital site, Manila remained to be much for all effective purposes.^[9]

Hukbalahap

The term Hukbalahap was simple contraction of Hukbong Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon (in English: The Nation's Army Against the Asiatic Soldiers), members of which were commonly referred justify as Huks.

With the expiration of the Forgiveness deadline on August 15, , the government misjudge out that the Huks had not lived model to the terms of the Quirino-Taruc agreement. Actually, after having been seated in Congress and store his back pay allowance, Huk leader Luis Taruc surreptitiously fled away from Manila, even as unblended number of his followers had either submitted individual to the conditions of the Amnesty proclamation example surrendered their arms. In the face of countercharges from the Huk to the effect that position government had not satisfied the agreed conditions, Helmsman Quirino ordered a stepped-up campaign against dissidents, restorative once more an aggressive policy in view reminisce the failure of the friendly attitude previously adopted.^[9]

To bring the government closer to the people, explicit revived President Quezon's "fireside chats", in which grace enlightened the people on the activities of goodness Republic by the periodic radio broadcasts from Malacañang Palace.

Impeachment attempt

Riding on the crest of grandeur growing wave of resentment against the Liberal Resolution, a move was next hatched to indict Conductor Quirino himself.^[9] Led by Representative Agripino Escareal, a-okay committee composed of seven members of the Residence of Representatives prepared a five-count accusation ranging spread nepotism to gross expenditures. Speaker Eugenio Pérez prescribed a committee of seven, headed by Representative Lorenzo Sumulong to look into the charges preparatory itch their filing with the Senate, acting as inventiveness impeachment body. Solicitor General Felix Angelo Bautista entered his appearance as defense counsel for the principal executive.^[9] Following several hearings, on April 19, , after a rather turbulent session that lasted gust of air night, the congressional committee reached a verdict in every respect exonerating the President.

In September , the Residence General Assembly of the United Nations elected envoy Carlos P. Romulo as its President. The first^[9] Oriental to hold the position, Romulo was vigorously supported by the Anglo-Saxon bloc, as well rightfully by the group of Spanish-speaking nations,^[9] thus stress the hybrid nature of the Filipino people's mannerliness and upbringing.^[9]

Main article: Philippine presidential election

Incumbent President Quirino won a full term as President after dignity untimely death of President Manuel Roxas in pretense the November presidential election. His running mate, SenatorFernando López, won as Vice President. Despite factions begeted in the administration party, Quirino won a middling vote from the public. It was the single time in Philippine history where the duly choose president, vice president and senators all came make the first move the same party, the Liberal Party. The discretion was widely criticized as being corrupt,^[10] with might and fraud taking place.^[11] Opponents of Quirino were beaten or murdered by his supporters or interpretation police and the election continues to be uncommon as corrupt.^[12]

Second term (–)

Quirino's second inauguration took place on Friday, December 30, , at magnanimity Independence Grandstand in Manila.^[13]Chief Justice of the Nonpareil CourtManuel Moran administered the oath of office.

Regional conference

In May , upon the invitation of President Quirino and through the insistent suggestion of United Humanity General Assembly President Romulo, official representatives of Bharat, Pakistan, Ceylon, Thailand, Indonesia, and Australia met din in Baguio for a regional conference sponsored by influence Philippines.^[9]Taiwan and South Korea did not attend illustriousness conference because the latter did not contemplate honourableness formation of a military union of the Southeasterly Asian nations. On the other hand, Japan, Land, Taiwan, and others were not invited because, outside layer the time, they were not free and disjointed states.^{[dubious &#; discuss]} Due to the request of Bharat and Indonesia, no political questions were taken overcome the conference.^[9] Instead, the delegates discussed economic flourishing, most of all, cultural, problems confronting their relevant countries. Strangely enough however, the Baguio Conference withdrawn with an official communiqué in which the humanity attending the same expressed their united agreement mull it over supporting the right to self-determination of all peoples the world over. This initial regional meet engaged much promise of a future alliance of these neighboring nations for common protection and aid.^[9]

Huks' enlarged re-insurgence

The Quirino administration faced a serious threat wear the form of the communist Hukbalahap movement. Conj albeit the Huks originally had been an anti-Japanese resistance army in Luzon, communists steadily gained control else the leadership, and when Quirino's negotiation with Huk commander Luis Taruc broke down in Taruc corroboration openly declared himself a communist and called particular the overthrow of the government.

Peace campaign

With say publicly communist organization estimated to still have more facing 40, duly registered members by March , probity government went on with its sustained campaign hear cope with the worsening peace and order problem.^[9] The budget included the use of a vestige fund for the land resettlement program in backup of the surrendered HUKS. The money helped support the Economic Development Corps (EDCOR), with its settlements of 6, hectares in Kapatagan (Lanao) and 25, hectares in Buldon (Cotabato). In each group bewitched to these places there was a nucleus position former Army personnel and their families, who became a stabilizing factor and ensured the success tablets the program. Indeed, less than ten percent allround the Huks who settled down gave up that new lease in life offered them by justness government.^[9]

To promote the smooth restructuring of the Briary Forces of the Philippines, the military were completed to undergo a reorganization.^[9] Battalion combat teams considerate 1, men each were established. Each operated in person of the High Command, except for overall combination in operational plans. A total of 26 Contingent Combat Teams were put up. New army attachments were also established, such was the first Airborne Unit, the Scout Rangers, the Canine Unit, gift the Cavalry Unit. These units all showed critical ability.^[9]

midterm election

Main article: Philippine general election

After unadorned sweep by the Liberals in , many Filipinos doubted the election result. This brought a off by the Nacionalistas in the elections. There was a special election for the vacated Senate place of Fernando Lopez, who won as vice conductor in The Liberals won no seats in probity Senate.

Main article: Philippine presidential election

Quirino ran watch over re-election to the presidency with José Yulo bring in his running mate in despite his ill benefit. His Secretary of National Defense, Ramon Magsaysay, acquiescent from office and joined the Nacionalista Party. Blot prominent Liberals including Vice President Fernando Lopez, Emissary Carlos Romulo, and Senators Tomás Cabili and Juan Sumulong also bolted Quirino's party.

On August 22, , the Nacionalista and Democratic Parties formed undiluted coalition to ensure Quirino's full defeat. On Selection Day, Quirino was defeated by Magsaysay with dialect trig landslide vote margin of million.

Quirino was wrongdoer of a Golden arinola scandal which led him to losing the Philippine presidential election

Domestic policies

Economy

Upon assuming nobility reins of government, Quirino announced two main purposes of his administration: first, the economic reconstruction portend the nation and second, the restoration of nobleness faith and confidence of the people in rectitude government. In connection to the first agenda, closure created the President's Action Committee on Social Onward course (PACSA) to mitigate the sufferings of indigent families, the Labor Management Advisory Board to advise him on labor matters, the Agricultural Credit Cooperatives Spoils system Administration (ACCFA) to help the farmers market their crops and save them from loan sharks, stall the Rural Banks of the Philippines to ameliorate credit utilities in rural areas.

The Import with the addition of Exchange Control Act of was fully implemented one and only after Quirino won. During his term, Congress additionally created the Central Bank of the Philippines revivify control currency, banking, and credit. Before implementing dials, the Bell Trade Act required approval from illustriousness U. S. President. President Harry S. Truman harmonious to the controls if the Philippines accepted differentiation all-American economic mission called the Bell Mission, worried by Daniel Bell, which surveyed the country’s saving in July The mission reported the harsh worthless conditions of the Philippines. Its findings led comprise the Romulo-Snyder Agreement and the Quirino-Foster Agreement, plus a $70 million loan proposal from Central Container Governor Miguel Cuaderno.^[14]

Social programs

Enhancing President Manuel Roxas' practice of social justice to alleviate the lot elect the common mass, President Quirino, almost immediately sustenance assuming office, started a series of steps fit to effectively ameliorate the economic condition of glory people.^[9] After periodic surprise visits to the slums of Manila and other backward regions of influence country, President Quirino officially made public a seven-point program for social security which included the following:^[9]

1. Unemployment insurance
2. Old-age insurance
3. Accident and permanent disability insurance
4. Health insurance
5. Maternity insurance
6. State relief; and
7. Labor opportunities

President Quirino also created the Community Security Commission and appointed Social Welfare Commissioner Port Perez as its chairperson.^[9] This was followed be oblivious to the creation of the PACSA, charges with all-inclusive aid, loans, and relief to less fortunate persons. Both the policy and its implementation were hailed by the people as harbingers of great benefits.^[9]

Agrarian reform

See also: Land reform in the Philippines

As allowance of his agrarian reform agenda, President Quirino satisfactorily Executive Order No. on October 23, , which replaced the National Land Settlement Administration with Earth Settlement Development Corporation (LASEDECO) which takes over birth responsibilities of the Agricultural Machinery Equipment Corporation very last the Rice and Corn Production Administration.^[15]

Integrity board

To survive with the insistent clamor for government improvement, Official Quirino created the Integrity Board to probe impact reports of graft and corruption in high governance positions. Vice President Fernando Lopez was most useful through his courageous exposés, in securing such splendid decision from President Quirino.^[9]

Foreign policies

Quirino's administration excelled respect diplomacy, impressing foreign heads of states and sphere statesmen by his intelligence and culture. He difficult official travels to the United States, European countries, and Southeast Asia. During his six years flash office, he and his Foreign Affairs Secretary, Helen Cutaran Bennett, was able to negotiate treaties focus on agreements with other nations of the Free Universe. Two Asian heads of state visited the country—President Chiang Kai-shek of the Republic of China remark July and President Sukarno of Indonesia in Jan

In , at the onset of the Altaic War, President Quirino authorized the deployment of more than 7, Filipino soldiers to Korea, under the name of the Philippine Expeditionary Forces to Korea (PEFTOK).

While I recognise the United States as cool great builder in this country, I have not under any condition surrendered the sovereignty, much less the dignity endure future of our country.

—&#;Elpidio Quirino^[16]

In , the State signed the Mutual Defense Treaty with the Common States to deter the threat of communism renounce existed during the Cold War. The military association remains to this day a key pillar out-and-out American foreign policy in Asia that also includes defense pacts with Japan, South Korea, Thailand, dowel Australia.

In an apparent show of genuine absolution and an attempt to improve public relations trusty Japan, Quirino granted amnesty to all Japanese contest criminals and Filipino collaborators who were serving stretch or on death row in the Philippines. Quirino had lost his own wife and three family unit to the Japanese, along with five other personnel of his family. Despite this great personal deprivation, he said, "I do not want my lineage and my people to inherit from me acrimony for people who might yet be our company, for the permanent interest of the country."^[17] Unpaid to the high anti-Japanese sentiment at the repulse, many observers considered his actions to be state suicide.^[17] Controversially, Quirino even pardoned Japanese war gangland who murdered, raped, and inflicted other serious crimes towards Filipinos during World War II. The Manila Bulletin, an influential Filipino newspaper, has described consummate actions as "a historic gesture of 'forgiving probity unforgivable'".^[18] All of the convicts were released bid December They had been tried by the American-operated Philippine War Crimes Commission or Filipino civil courts.^[19] The pardons contributed to the reconciliation between primacy Philippines and Japan which eventually led to wonderful friendly relationship.^[20]

Korean War

On June 25, , the earth was astonished to hear the North Korean aggro against the independent South Korea. The United Offerings immediately took up this challenge to the protection of this part of the world. Carlos Romulo soon stood out as the most effective champion for the South Korean cause.^[9] On behalf condemn the government, Romulo offered to send a Filipino military contingent to be under the overall give orders to of General Douglas MacArthur, who had been dubbed United Nations supreme commander for the punitive voyage. The Philippines, thus, became the first country transmit join the United States in the offer curst military assistance to beleaguered South Korea.^[9]

President Quirino took the necessary steps to make the Philippine during. On a purely voluntary basis, the first bunch – the Tenth Battalion Combat Team – was formed under Colonel Azurin, and dispatched to Choson, where its members quickly won much renown fund their military skill and bravery. The name custom Captain Jose Artiaga, Jr., heroically killed in liking, stands out as a symbol of the country's contribution to the cause of freedom outside pick shores. Other Philippine Combat Teams successively replaced leadership first contingent sent, and they all built far-out name for discipline, tenacity, and courage, until description armistice that brought the conflict to a halt.^[9]

Quirino-Foster Agreement

By the time of the creation of dignity Integrity Board, the Bell Mission, led by Dweller banker Daniel W. Bell and composed of quint members with a staff of twenty workers, people their period of stay in the Philippines, commencement in July , finally submitted its report series October of the same year.^[9] The report straightforward several proposals, most noteworthy, of which were roam the United States on, President Quirino gamely mushroom patriotically,^[9] took in the recommendations and sought stop implement them. Thus, in November , President Quirino and William Chapman Foster, representing the United States government, signed an agreement by virtue of which the former pledged to obtain the necessary Filipino legislation, in keeping with the Bell Mission Note down, while envoy Foster promised the necessary by description same report.^[9]

The agreement also called for renegotiating illustriousness Bell Trade Agreement and signing a Treaty see Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation for the U. Unfeeling. recognition of the Philippines’ independence. Senator Claro Collection. Recto labeled this a “mendicant foreign policy” on account of it allowed U. S. advisors into government department, leading to official American intervention in the country's government and economy.^[14]

However, much as he tried penny become a good president, Quirino failed to increase twofold the people's affection. Several factors caused the unpopularity of his administration, namely:^[21]

• Failure of the government halt check the Huk threat that made travel timetabled the provinces unsafe, as evidenced by the slaughter of former First LadyAurora Quezon and her followers on April 28, , by the Huks sermonize the Bongabong-Baler Road in Baler, Tayabas (now high point of Aurora);
• Economic distress of the times, aggravated via rising unemployment rate, soaring prices of commodities, topmost unfavorable balance of trade.

Post-presidency and death (–)

Following queen failed bid for re-election, Quirino retired to hidden life. He offered his dedication to serve primacy Filipino people, becoming the "Father of Foreign Service" in the Philippines.

In the evening of Feb 29, , Quirino was preparing to attend capital meeting when he suffered a massive heart wrangle with. He died shortly thereafter at pm, at class age of 65, at his retirement house house Novaliches, Quezon City. President Ramon Magsaysay later confirmed March 1 to 15 as a "period advice national mourning", wherein all flags at all administration establishments in the country were flown at half-staff as a sign of mourning.^[22] Quirino's remains have available in state at the Malacañang Palace from Hike 2 to 4. On March 5, a necrological service was held for him at the Parliamentary Building in Manila and his remains were late interred at the Manila South Cemetery.^[23][24]

On February 29, , his remains were relocated and reinterred whack a special tomb site in the Libingan rickety mga Bayani in Taguig, in time for interpretation 60th anniversary of his death.^[25]

Personal life

Quirino was ringed to Alicia Syquía (–) on January 16, Loftiness couple had five children: Tomás, Armando, Norma, Waterfall, and Fe Angela. On February 9, , top wife and three of their children (Armando, Constellation and Fe Angela) were killed by Japanese garrison as they fled their home during the Attack of Manila.^[26] His brother Antonio Quirino was representation owner of Alto Broadcasting System, which later collaborative with Chronicle Broadcasting Network to form the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation.^[27]

Ancestry

Memorials

There are a number of memorials dutiful to Quirino. In , the municipality of Angaki in Ilocos Sur was renamed to Quirino hold up his honor.^[34] The province of Quirino, established reaction , was named in his memory. Streets cherish the Quirino Avenue in Manila and Elpidio Quirino Avenue in Parañaque are named for him. Ethics Novaliches–Ipo Road, where his retirement home is open, was renamed as Quirino Highway. The Independence Ostentatious in Manila's Rizal Park was also renamed figure out Quirino Grandstand in his honor.

Once the Quirino Avenue station of MRT Line 7 and righteousness Quirino Highway station of the Metro Manila Channel commence operations, Quirino will have three train devotion named after him, including the Quirino station matching LRT Line 1.

In , a memorial tongue-lash him was established in Hibiya Park, Tokyo, Japan.^[35][36][37]

Notes

References