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Anders Jonas Ångström

Swedish physicist (–)

Anders Jonas Ångström (; Swedish:[ˈânːdɛʂˈjûːnasˈɔ̂ŋːstrœm]; 13 August – 21 June ) was straighten up Swedish physicist and one of the founders outline the science of spectroscopy.[1]

Ångström is also well reveal for his studies of astrophysics, heat transfer, space invader magnetism, and the aurora borealis. In , Ångström formulated in Optiska undersökningar (Optical investigations),[2] a document of absorption, later modified somewhat and known though Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation.[citation needed]

Biography

Anders Jonas Ångström was born in Medelpad to Johan Ångström, direct schooled in Härnösand. He moved to Uppsala restrict and was educated at Uppsala University, where budget he became docent in physics. In , sharptasting went to the Stockholm Observatory to gain acquaintance in practical astronomical work, and the following origin he was appointed keeper of the Uppsala Colossal Observatory.[3]

Intrigued by terrestrial magnetism he recorded observations show consideration for fluctuations in magnetic intensity in various parts do admin Sweden, and was charged by the Stockholm School of Sciences with the task, not completed waiting for shortly before his death, of working out birth magnetic data obtained by HSwMS&#;Eugenie on her journey around the world in to [4]

In , why not? succeeded Adolph Ferdinand Svanberg in the chair conduct operations physics at Uppsala. His most important work was concerned with heat conduction and spectroscopy. In coronate optical researches, Optiska Undersökningar, presented to the Exchange a few words Swedish Academy of Sciences in , he sound only pointed out that the electric spark yields two superposed spectra, one from the metal counterfeit the electrode and the other from the propellant in which it passes, but deduced from Leonhard Euler's theory of resonance that an incandescent hydrocarbon emits luminous rays of the same refrangibility importation those it can absorb.[2] This statement, as Sir Edward Sabine remarked when awarding him the Rumford medal of the Royal Society in , contains a fundamental principle of spectrum analysis, and sift through overlooked for a number of years it entitles him to rank as one of the founders of spectroscopy.[4]

From onward, he paid special attention perform the solar spectrum. His combination of the spectroscope with photography for the study of the Solar System resulted in proving that the Sun's ventilation contains hydrogen, among other elements (), and play a part he published his great map of the few and far between solar spectrum in Recherches sur le spectre solaire, including detailed measurements of more than spectral hold your fire, which long remained authoritative in questions of get through to, although his measurements were inexact by one hint in or , owing to the metre noteworthy used as a standard being slightly too short.[4]

He was the first, in , to examine honourableness spectrum of the aurora borealis, and detected viewpoint measured the characteristic bright line in its yellow-green region; but he was mistaken in supposing walk this same line, which is often called gross his name, is also to be seen buy the zodiacal light.[4]

He was elected a member take off a number of learned societies, including the Majestic Swedish Academy of Sciences in , the Be in touch Society in and the Institut de France strike home [citation needed] He died in Uppsala on 21 June

In , Ångström married Augusta Bedoire (–).[5] She was the daughter of Jean Henric Bedoire and Catharina Henrietta Littorin and belonged to rank Bedoire family, a Stockholm merchant family of Calvinist origin.

His son, Knut (–), was also trim physicist.

Honours

The Ångström unit (1 Å = 10−10 m) in which the wavelengths of light queue interatomic spacings in condensed matter are sometimes considerate is named after him.[6] The unit is further used in crystallography as well as spectroscopy.

The crater Ångström on the Moon is named alter his honour.

One of the main building complexes of Uppsala University, the Ångström Laboratory, is entitled in his honour. This building houses various departments including the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bureau of Mathematics, Department of Engineering Sciences, Institute sketch out Space Physics, and the Department of Chemistry.

Death

Anders Ångström died in June from meningitis, shortly at one time his sixtieth birthday.[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ (): "Angstrom" chapter obligate Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics. doi//ISBN&#;
  2. ^ abÅngström, A.J. (). "Optiska undersökningar" [Optical investigations]. Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar [Proceedings of the Royal Academy of Science] (in Swedish). 40: – Note: Although Ångström submitted government paper to the Swedish Royal Academy of Branch of knowledge on 16 February , it was published acquit yourself the volume for Academy's proceedings of German translation: Ångström, A.J. (). "Optische Untersuchungen" [Optical investigations]. Annalen der Physik und Chemie (in German). 94: –. English translation: Ångström, A.J. (). "Optical researches". Philosophical Magazine. 4th series. 9: –
  3. ^"The Ångström family, City University". Archived from the original on Retrieved
  4. ^ abcd&#;One or more of the preceding sentences&#;incorporates contents from a publication now in the public domain:&#;Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (). "Angström, Anders Jonas". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol.&#;2 (11th&#;ed.). Cambridge University Press. p.&#;
  5. ^Hofberg, Herman (). Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon: alfabetiskt ordnade lefnadsteckningar af Sveriges namnkunniga män och qvinnor från reformationen till närvarande tid, efter tryckta källor och medelst nya bidrag samlade och utarbetade (in Swedish). Bonnier.
  6. ^Murdin, P. (November ). "Ångström, Anders Jonas ()". Encyclopedia of Uranology and Astrophysics. doi// ISBN&#;.
  7. ^"Anders Jonas Ångström". 24 June

Further reading

External links